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It is widespread in Central and Southern Europe and Southwest Asia. In Europe, only common hornbeam and white hornbeam grow wild.
Habitus: The tree grows up to 25 meters with a trunk diameter of up to 70 meters, the root system is well developed and deep. The bark of young hornbeam is smooth and thin and light gray in colour, in old age it becomes fissured with shallow folds. The young twigs are shiny and hairy, and the buds are pointed and bare, 5-7 mm long, covered with red-brown scales, and they lie close to the branch.
Flower: Male and female flowers are collected in hanging tassels. The fruits are one-seeded and plump, light green to gray-brown in colour.
Leaves: The leaves of common hornbeam are oblong-ovate, pointed, heart-shaped or rounded and sharply and double-toothed. They have pronounced enrapture on the underside, they have short petioles that grow alternately and densely on the branches.
It grows well in shaded areas as well as in sunny ones, but it prefers deep, nutritious humus soil. The best soil for growing and planting is moderately acidic to slightly alkaline with a sandy and loamy texture, the soil in which it is planted must be well drained. It tolerates low and high temperatures like frost.
Hornbeam wood is used to obtain coal or for firewood.
It can be propagated by seeds, cuttings and grafting. Seed propagation is a long-term process, so the other two propagation methods are preferred.
Carpinus betulus Albovariegata
Carpinus betulus Fastigiata
Carpinus betulus Pyramidalis
Carpinus betulus Columnaris
Carpinus betulus Frans Fontaine
Diseases: root rot, stem heart rot, powdery mildew, stem cancer
Pests: hornet mite, aphids, caterpillars
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