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Quercus ilex

Quercus ilex

Taxonomy

Kingdom
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Order
Fagales
Family
Fagaceae
Genus
Quercus
Species
Quercus ilex
Synonyms
evergreen oak, holly oak, holm oak

Habitat / Home / Areal

Temperate warm areas of the northern hemisphere.

Botanical description

Habitus: Medium-sized tree, with a rounded crown, typical of Mediterranean areas. The bark is dark grey, then fissured. The root system develops with a main heart root and strong deep lateral roots. 

Leaf: Thick leathery leaves, elliptic and ovate, entire-edged. Evergreen tree. 

Flower: Male flowers are in pendulous catkins, female flowers singly or 2 together or in several short spikes, flowering in April-May.

Fruit: Fruit is a nut (acorn) surrounded by a bowl on the underside, ripens in late September, early October. Cap is slightly hairy when young.

Growth conditions / Cultivation / Care

They grow well in deep, humic, moderately moist soil. Sensitive to cold and thrive only in sheltered positions. Suitable for dry, rocky slopes. They tolerate pruning well.

Use / Function and landscape

  • Solitary plantings
  • avenues, groups

Special use

  • Green urban areas
  • Smaller gardens

Reproduction

Seeding, cuttings

Varieties

Q. ilex ‘Rotundifolia’

Diseases and pests

Corythucha arcuata
Cerambyx cerdo