{"id":4058,"date":"2024-03-04T09:25:52","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T09:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/modul-2-identifikacia-a-vyber-rastlin"},"modified":"2024-07-24T18:54:32","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T18:54:32","slug":"modul-2-identifikacia-a-vyber-rastlin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/sk\/modul-2-identifikacia-a-vyber-rastlin","title":{"rendered":"Modul 2 &#8211; Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber rastl\u00edn"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4058\" class=\"elementor elementor-4058 elementor-2601\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#F2EED3\" data-dce-background-image-url=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/pexels-johannes-plenio-1423600-scaled.jpg\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfc3448 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cfc3448\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-overlay-color=\"#F9FAEC\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99404ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99404ef\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03ac24a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"03ac24a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/home\">Home<\/a><\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8575a43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8575a43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&gt;<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f07a3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f07a3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/arboriculture-for-gardeners\">Moduly<\/a><\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c91116 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c91116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">&gt;<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63be87c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63be87c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber stromov<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48d2a55 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48d2a55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Modul 2<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39b2c93 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39b2c93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber stromov<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#F2EED3\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaa565f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eaa565f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1382774 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1382774\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:150,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;laptop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#F9FAEC\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2160ebb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2160ebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas 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aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2160ebb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2160ebb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2160ebb\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f0aaa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63f0aaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfee0f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dfee0f3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-279ffe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"279ffe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Identifik\u00e1cia r\u00f4znych skup\u00edn okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f1bbda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f1bbda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db2b5b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db2b5b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sa dozvieme o dendrol\u00f3gii ako vede a jej v\u00fdzname pre parkov\u00e9 z\u00e1hradn\u00edctvo. Ide o vedn\u00fd odbor, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 systematikou (klasifik\u00e1ciou) a spr\u00e1vnym pomenovan\u00edm stromov a in\u00fdch skup\u00edn rastl\u00edn na \u0161t\u00fadium a uvedenie do ka\u017edodennej z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rskej praxe. V tejto kapitole sa dozvieme o faktoroch prostredia, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa rast a v\u00fdvoj rastl\u00edn a o z\u00e1kladoch latinskej terminol\u00f3gie.  <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0e214f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0e214f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dendrol\u00f3gia (gr. <strong>dendron<\/strong> = strom a logia = veda, lat. <strong>arbor<\/strong> = strom) je n\u00e1uka o drevin\u00e1ch. Hranica medzi taxon\u00f3miou a dendrol\u00f3giou nie je \u00faplne definovan\u00e1. Ten, kto sa zaober\u00e1 dendrol\u00f3giou, je dendrol\u00f3g. Dendrol\u00f3gia ako veda \u0161tuduje stromy s cie\u013eom zamera\u0165 sa na ekonomick\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie dreva alebo stromov a ich identifik\u00e1ciu a sadovn\u00edcke kvality (kr\u00e1sna alebo okrasn\u00e1 hodnota).   <\/p>\n<p>Dendrol\u00f3gia je definovan\u00e1 ako listnat\u00e9 a ihli\u010dnat\u00e9 stromy alebo kry. <strong>Dendrochronol\u00f3gia<\/strong> je \u0161t\u00fadium minul\u00fdch udalost\u00ed v \u017eivote t\u00fdchto rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55145b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"55145b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Taxon\u00f3mia<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8667193 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8667193\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxon\u00f3mia (gr. t\u00e1ksis; n\u00f3mos &#8211; z\u00e1kon alebo z\u00e1konnos\u0165; lat. taxo) alebo (v biol\u00f3gii) star\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zov systematika ozna\u010duje stup\u0148ovit\u00e9 triedenie vec\u00ed alebo princ\u00edpy, na ktor\u00fdch je klasifik\u00e1cia zalo\u017een\u00e1. Na z\u00e1klade ak\u00e9ho taxonomick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu m\u00f4\u017eeme v\u0161etko klasifikova\u0165 \u2013 organick\u00e9 objekty, anorganick\u00e9 objekty, miesta, udalosti a pod. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxon\u00f3mie alebo taxonomick\u00e9 sch\u00e9my sa skladaj\u00fa z taxonomick\u00fdch jednotiek (tax\u00f3nov) alebo typov vec\u00ed, \u010dasto usporiadan\u00fdch do hierarchickej \u0161trukt\u00fary. Zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa navz\u00e1jom spojen\u00e9 vz\u0165ahmi podradenosti a nadradenosti, naz\u00fdvan\u00fdmi aj vz\u0165ahy medzi rodi\u010dmi a de\u0165mi. V tomto type vz\u0165ahu m\u00e1 vec v podriadenej poz\u00edcii pod\u013ea defin\u00edcie rovnak\u00e9 obmedzenia ako vec v nadradenej poz\u00edcii plus jedno alebo viac \u010fal\u0161\u00edch obmedzen\u00ed.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pod nimi je kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo, kme\u0148, strom, trieda, r\u00e1d, \u010de\u013ea\u010f, rod, druh. Medzi t\u00fdmito klasifik\u00e1ciami je \u010dasto nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u00farovn\u00ed (napr. podtrieda, nadtrieda, pod\u010de\u013ea\u010f, poddruh, odroda at\u010f.). <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u00f4vodne sa pojem taxon\u00f3mia t\u00fdkal klasifik\u00e1cie \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov (zn\u00e1mej ako alfa-taxon\u00f3mia), ale v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti tento pojem pokr\u00fdva ove\u013ea \u0161ir\u0161iu a v\u0161eobecnej\u0161iu oblas\u0165, ktor\u00e1 odkazuje na klasifik\u00e1ciu vec\u00ed a na princ\u00edpy, na ktor\u00fdch je tak\u00e1to klasifik\u00e1cia zalo\u017een\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vedeck\u00e1 klasifik\u00e1cia a biologick\u00e1 systematika s\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 podtypy taxon\u00f3mie v biol\u00f3gii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veget\u00e1cia je najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edrodno-geografick\u00fdm prvkom v krajine. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed to od r\u00f4znych faktorov. Tieto sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa environment\u00e1lne faktory. Rozli\u0161ujeme:   <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>prirodzen\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 sa vyv\u00edja<\/strong> bez vplyvu \u010dloveka (lesy, zele\u0148 pozd\u013a\u017e vodn\u00fdch tokov, okraj lesa, slatiny a pod.);<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Pestovan\u00e9 rastliny<\/strong> s\u00fa plodiny, ktor\u00e9 si \u010dlovek vyvinul pre svoje potreby (polia, dvory, sady );<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>antropog\u00e9nna veget\u00e1cia<\/strong> je t\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 bola ovplyvnen\u00e1 \u010dlovekom (okrasn\u00e9 rastliny, dreviny).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d363575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d363575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>V\u00fdznam fl\u00f3ry: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zdroj potravy pre zvierat\u00e1 a \u013eud\u00ed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">produkciu kysl\u00edka a spotrebu CO\u2082<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rekrea\u010dn\u00fd priestor, spolo\u010densk\u00fd priestor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd6afe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd6afe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Veget\u00e1cia je zdrojom potravy, ktor\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u013eudia a zvierat\u00e1. Drevo, bavlna, \u013ean, guma sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako suroviny pre priemysel. Rastliny podstupuj\u00fa fotosynt\u00e9zu, pri ktorej vznik\u00e1 kysl\u00edk. Pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 prostredie a veget\u00e1cia sa v modernej dobe stali d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm rekrea\u010dn\u00fdm priestorom (beh, prech\u00e1dzky, cyklistika&#8230;).   <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50316be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50316be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SKUPINY RASTL\u00cdN V STANOVISK\u00c1CH<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9666d45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9666d45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existuje p\u00e4\u0165 skup\u00edn veget\u00e1cie:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lesn\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">krovit\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bylinn\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">p\u00fa\u0161tna alebo polop\u00fa\u0161tna veget\u00e1cia<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">veget\u00e1cia tundry<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9051537 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9051537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">BIOL\u00d3GIA RASTLIN<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d052dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d052dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rastlinn\u00e1 biol\u00f3gia je \u0161t\u00fadium rastl\u00edn, ich p\u00f4vod, ako rast\u00fa a ako s\u00fa pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9. Dendrol\u00f3gia je n\u00e1uka o drevin\u00e1ch. Dendrol\u00f3gia \u2013 s\u00fahrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie stromov a kr\u00edkov;  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strom predstavuje centrum zelene, s ktor\u00fdm mo\u017eno vybudova\u0165 mestsk\u00fd alebo s\u00fakromn\u00fd priestor. M\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd v\u00fdhon, na vrchole ktor\u00e9ho sa z\u00e1poj rozvetvuje. Tvar vrchl\u00edka m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 r\u00f4zny (okr\u00fahly, ov\u00e1lny, ploch\u00fd, st\u013apovit\u00fd, pla\u010d at\u010f.);  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>STROM<\/strong> m\u00e1 kme\u0148 s baldach\u00fdnom a rastie na vrchole v\u00fdhonkov a kore\u0148ov. M\u00e1 aj sekund\u00e1rny pr\u00edrastok \u2013 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00e9 zhrubnutie kme\u0148a smerom von. Tvar koruny a kme\u0148a sa v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161i od stromu k stromu, \u010do im d\u00e1va charakteristick\u00fd vzh\u013ead alebo habitus, ktor\u00fd je \u0161pecifick\u00fd.  <\/p>\n<p>Habitus (tvar rastu rastliny) m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pravideln\u00fd alebo nepravideln\u00fd. Pravideln\u00fd habitus je okr\u00fahly, vajcovit\u00fd, ku\u017ee\u013eovit\u00fd, st\u013apovit\u00fd. Nepravideln\u00fd habitus je, ke\u010f s\u00fa kon\u00e1re rastliny r\u00f4zne dlh\u00e9. V\u0161etky previsnut\u00e9 a d\u00e1\u017ednikov\u00e9 baldach\u00fdny ( Salix ) maj\u00fa ve\u013emi charakteristick\u00fd nepravideln\u00fd habitus.   <\/p>\n<p>Strom je stredom zelene, ktor\u00e9mu je podriaden\u00e9 v\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9; je siln\u00fd a uber\u00e1 slab\u0161\u00edm rastlin\u00e1m; funguje dobre na pozad\u00ed slab\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn; chr\u00e1ni priestor pred hlukom, zne\u010disten\u00edm, clon\u00ed miesta, ktor\u00e9 chceme zosta\u0165 skryt\u00e9;<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161ka stromov je zoraden\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<p>&gt; &gt; 18 m vysok\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Stredn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 10 &#8211; 18 m<\/p>\n<p>N\u00edzka 5 &#8211; 10 m<\/p>\n<p>Trpasl\u00edk &lt;&lt; 5 m<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2effaf9 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2effaf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"584\" height=\"777\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1Pinus_pinea.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2605\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1Pinus_pinea.jpg 584w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1Pinus_pinea-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 1: <\/b> Strom - Pinus pinea Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91adb6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"91adb6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>KR\u00cdK<\/strong> &#8211; drevnat\u00e1, sediaca s\u00fastava v\u00fdhonkov s kon\u00e1rmi vyrastaj\u00facimi z kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho kr\u010dku; v kr\u00edkoch hlavn\u00fd v\u00fdhonok \u010doskoro zakrn\u00ed a vyvin\u00fa sa bo\u010dn\u00e9 kon\u00e1re. <\/p>\n<p><strong>KR\u00cdKY<\/strong> hraj\u00fa \u00fastredn\u00fa \u00falohu medzi stromami a bylinn\u00fdmi okrasn\u00fdmi rastlinami, ich rozmanitos\u0165 v\u00fdberu ich rob\u00ed v\u0161estrann\u00fdmi a ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdmi, m\u00f4\u017eu st\u00e1\u0165 samostatne alebo sa zoskupova\u0165, s\u00fa dostato\u010dne flexibiln\u00e9, aby sa dali kombinova\u0165 s bylinn\u00fdmi okrasn\u00fdmi rastlinami, r\u00f4zne kombin\u00e1cie v\u017edyzelen\u00fdch, kvitn\u00facich, opadav\u00fdch kr\u00edkov vytvorte rozmanit\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky zelen\u00fdch mot\u00edvov, ktor\u00e9 sa menia po\u010das roka. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 kvitn\u00face alebo v\u017edyzelen\u00e9. Kr\u00edky s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 do skup\u00edn pod\u013ea rastu:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00fd\u0161ka&gt; &gt; 3 m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stredn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 1,5-3 m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00edzka 0,6-1,5 m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trpasl\u00edk &lt;&lt; 0,6 m<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2daed5f elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2daed5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2Tratni-rob.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2609\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2Tratni-rob.jpg 446w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2Tratni-rob-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 2:<\/b> Pou\u017eitie r\u00f4znych kr\u00edkov pozd\u013a\u017e okraja tr\u00e1vnika. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6699ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6699ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>POLOKR\u00cdK<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">je prechodn\u00e1 forma medzi kr\u00edkom a trvalkou. Spodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 stonky je drevnat\u00e1, vrchn\u00e1 bylinn\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 na konci vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia odumiera, vysych\u00e1 alebo rozm\u0155za ( Rosa, Perovskia ). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rosa, Perovskia<\/span><\/i> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ).<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10f917f elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"10f917f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"568\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3Lavanula_angustifolia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2613\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3Lavanula_angustifolia.jpg 568w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3Lavanula_angustifolia-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 3:<\/b> Lavandula angustifolia \u2013 poloker, ktor\u00fd v kontinent\u00e1lnych oblastiach v zime \u010dasto vym\u0155za alebo vysych\u00e1. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06c3298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06c3298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>LANOVKA (LIANAS)<\/strong> je ker, ktor\u00e9ho kon\u00e1re a vetvi\u010dky \u0161plhaj\u00fa po opore, tak\u017ee sa nakl\u00e1\u0148a, prichyt\u00e1va, \u0161plh\u00e1 alebo kr\u00fati. S\u00fa to vraj kr\u00edky, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa samonosn\u00e9.  <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rozli\u0161ujeme:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>P\u00fapava<\/strong> &#8211; vyliez\u0165 a oprie\u0165 sa o podperu a uchopi\u0165 ju ohnut\u00fdmi ost\u0148ami ( <i>Rosa, Rubus<\/i> );<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Uchopova\u010d <\/strong> &#8211; pri\u013ene k hladk\u00fdm povrchom, napr. sten\u00e1m so zachyten\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi alebo dla\u017edicami &#8211; transformovan\u00e9 \u010dasti rastl\u00edn ( <i>Parthenocissus tricuspidata &#8218;Veitchii&#8216;, Hedera helix <\/i> ) ;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Pop\u00ednavky<\/strong> &#8211; prichyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa k opore pomocou \u00faponkov stonky listov, ktor\u00fdmi sa \u0161plhaj\u00fa po opore ( <i> Clematis sp., Vitis sp. <\/i> );<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>Zavinova\u010dky<\/strong> &#8211; ovi\u0148te okolo podpery, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v smere hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010diek, prav\u00e1k ( <i>Wisteria sinensis<\/i> ), \u013eav\u00e1k ( <i>Actinidia chinensis, Wisteria floribunda<\/i> ). Len <i>Solanum dulcamara<\/i> &#8211; m\u00f4\u017ee oba\u013eova\u0165 v oboch smeroch . <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-608def3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"608def3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Ve\u013ekos\u0165 prelieza\u010diek:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Horolezci s\u00fa pod\u013ea ve\u013ekosti rozdelen\u00ed do troch hlavn\u00fdch skup\u00edn:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00edzka \u02c2 4 m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stredn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka 4 &#8211; 10 m<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vysok\u00e1 \u02c3 10 m<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-193da99 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"193da99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4Parthenocissus_tricuspidata_Veitchii.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2617\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4Parthenocissus_tricuspidata_Veitchii.jpg 775w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4Parthenocissus_tricuspidata_Veitchii-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4Parthenocissus_tricuspidata_Veitchii-768x510.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 4:<\/b> Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Veitchii' (ch\u00e1padlo) (zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc6bf6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc6bf6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stavba rastliny, n\u00e1roky na rast<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0898594 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0898594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zopakujme si, \u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pri poznan\u00ed okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Stanovi\u0161te <\/strong> &#8211; biotopov\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo, pestovate\u013esk\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnos\u0165, prezimovanie.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Habitus<\/strong> \u2013 znalos\u0165 rastov\u00fdch foriem stromov, kr\u00edkov, pop\u00ednav\u00fdch rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Korene<\/strong> &#8211; kore\u0148ov\u00e1 doska (hlbok\u00e1, stredn\u00e1, plytk\u00e1); riz\u00f3my (riz\u00f3my alebo podzemn\u00e9 stonky), kore\u0148ov\u00e9 v\u00fdmladky. Korene s\u00fa najni\u017e\u0161ou \u010das\u0165ou a poskytuj\u00fa rastline kotvu v p\u00f4de a dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa vodu a miner\u00e1ly. Rast\u00fa len na koncoch (kore\u0148ov\u00e9 ch\u013apky). Niektor\u00e9 ihli\u010dnany maj\u00fa plytk\u00e9 korene ( <i> Picea <\/i> ), in\u00e9 hlbok\u00e9 korene ( <i>Abies, Pinus<\/i> ).    <\/p>\n<p><strong>Kore\u0148ov\u00fd golier<\/strong> &#8211; spoj alebo spojenie medzi kore\u0148mi a kme\u0148om. Zvy\u010dajne vyzer\u00e1 z p\u00f4dy. U niektor\u00fdch drev\u00edn je to zrete\u013ene vidite\u013en\u00e9, u in\u00fdch menej.   <\/p>\n<p><strong>Vetvy<\/strong> &#8211; m\u00f4\u017eu r\u00e1s\u0165 v proti\u013eahlom, striedavom, \u0161pir\u00e1lovom alebo zvinutom vzore pozd\u013a\u017e kme\u0148a. Vetvy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vzpriamen\u00e9, visiace, visiace alebo horizont\u00e1lne. Tvoria baldach\u00fdn, ktor\u00fd nesie listy a kvety.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>List <\/strong> &#8211; trvanlivos\u0165 listov, kde rozli\u0161ujeme: opadav\u00e9 (zvy\u010dajne na jese\u0148 opad\u00e1vaj\u00fa listy), v\u017edyzelen\u00e9, zimozelen\u00e9 (zostan\u00fa zelen\u00e9 na strome a\u017e do nasleduj\u00facej jari, ke\u010f sa objavia nov\u00e9 listy). Nov\u00e9 v\u017edyzelen\u00e9 listy neopad\u00e1vaj\u00fa, ale zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa na rastline nieko\u013eko rokov. Podmiene\u010dne v\u017edyzelen\u00e9 listy opad\u00e1vaj\u00fa len vtedy, ke\u010f je naozaj chladno alebo po\u010das chladn\u00e9ho sucha. Hustota text\u00fary ur\u010duje zatienenie vrchl\u00edka alebo rozmiestnenie listov. Farba jesene m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ve\u013emi v\u00fdrazn\u00e1, v\u00fdrazn\u00e1, nev\u00fdrazn\u00e1, vidite\u013en\u00e1 alebo ch\u00fdbaj\u00faca (listy nemenia farbu). Ihli\u010dnany maj\u00fa listy premenen\u00e9 na ihli\u010die, aby boli odolnej\u0161ie v chladnej\u0161\u00edch podmienkach \u017eivota.      <\/p>\n<p><strong>Kvet<\/strong> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; kvetinov\u00e9 vzory s\u00fa jednodom\u00e9, jednodom\u00e9, dvojdom\u00e9 a dvojdom\u00e9. Kvetn\u00e9 puky sa tvoria na jese\u0148 po celej d\u013a\u017eke v\u00fdhonku, na vrchole v\u00fdhonku, na kr\u00e1tkych v\u00fdhonkoch dvojdom\u00e9ho alebo viacro\u010dn\u00e9ho dreva, kvety vyrastaj\u00fa z viacro\u010dn\u00e9ho dreva); kvet a plody sa vyvin\u00fa v jednom vegeta\u010dnom obdob\u00ed na jednoro\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkoch); na\u010dasovanie a trvanie kvitnutia a kvitnutia sa m\u00f4\u017ee v na\u0161om regi\u00f3ne l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku rozdielov medzi klimatick\u00fdmi z\u00f3nami, rozdielmi v topografii, rozdielmi medzi such\u00fdmi a bl\u00edzkymi osov\u00fdmi stranami. Tieto rozdiely sa smerom k letu zmen\u0161uj\u00fa a na jese\u0148 rastliny kvitn\u00fa v rovnakom \u010dase po celej krajine; kvitnutie (hust\u00e9, riedke, jednoduch\u00e9) a ve\u013ekos\u0165 kvetu alebo kvetenstva (mal\u00e9, ve\u013emi mal\u00e9, mal\u00e9, stredn\u00e9, ve\u013ek\u00e9, ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e9); farba kvetu.   <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6597978 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6597978\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"390\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-05-SK-1024x499.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2621\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-05-SK-1024x499.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-05-SK-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-05-SK-768x374.jpg 768w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-05-SK-1536x749.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-05-SK-2048x999.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 5:<\/b> \u0160trukt\u00fara kompletn\u00e9ho alebo hermafroditn\u00e9ho kvetu. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d473d03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d473d03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Plod<\/strong> &#8211; s\u00fabor plodov alebo s\u00faplod\u00ed (hust\u00e9, riedke, jednotliv\u00e9), ve\u013ekos\u0165 a farba plodov, \u010das, kedy s\u00fa plody na rastline. Plody ihli\u010dnanov sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u0161i\u0161ky. Ide o drevnat\u00e9 alebo du\u017einat\u00e9 a zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e9 s\u00fakvetia opelen\u00fdch sami\u010d\u00edch kvetov. Obsahuj\u00fa semen\u00e1, bu\u010f drevnat\u00e9 alebo ko\u017eovit\u00e9, tvoren\u00e9 zo semenn\u00fdch \u0161i\u0161iek, ktor\u00fdch spodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 m\u00e1 ko\u017eovit\u00e9 pupo\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161upiny (bractia). Tie tvoria vlastnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho druhu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0161i\u0161iek sa v zrelosti otv\u00e1ra a semeno vypad\u00e1va ( <i>Picea, Larix<\/i> ). Len niektor\u00e9 \u0161i\u0161ky sa \u00faplne rozpadn\u00fa a na v\u00fdhonku zostane len os \u0161i\u0161ky ( <i>Abies, Cedrus<\/i> ). Pr\u00e1zdne \u0161i\u0161ky m\u00f4\u017eu \u010doskoro spadn\u00fa\u0165 ( <i> Picea <\/i> ) <i>alebo<\/i> m\u00f4\u017ee zosta\u0165 na strome mnoho rokov ( <i>Pinus<\/i> )<i>.<\/i> Na niektor\u00fdch miestach maj\u00fa semen\u00e1 kr\u00eddla, aby ich vietor \u013eah\u0161ie odvial. Niektor\u00e9 ihli\u010dnany nemaj\u00fa prav\u00e9 \u0161i\u0161ky, ale bobu\u013eovit\u00e9 \u00fatvary ( <i>Taxus<\/i> ).        <\/p>\n<p><strong>Fyziologick\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/strong> &#8211; tolerancia alebo intolerancia k r\u00f4znym faktorom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pou\u017eitie<\/strong> &#8211; funkcia v plant\u00e1\u017ei, za\u010dlenenie jednotlivo alebo v skupin\u00e1ch do priestoru, dizajnov\u00fd prvok, \u00fa\u010del, faunistick\u00fd v\u00fdznam, v\u00fdsadba s kore\u0148ov\u00fdm balom alebo bez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Podmienky pestovania<\/strong> &#8211; p\u00f4dne pomery, klimatick\u00e9 podmienky (teplota, vlhkos\u0165 vzduchu a p\u00f4dy).<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00f4vod rastliny ( <i>proveniencia<\/i> )<\/strong> &#8211; odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dza alebo odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dza.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dormancia<\/strong> je stav zn\u00ed\u017eenej metabolickej aktivity, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje rastline pre\u017ei\u0165 v nepriazniv\u00fdch rastov\u00fdch podmienkach. Dormancia nast\u00e1va vplyvom n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t a kr\u00e1tkych dn\u00ed (v z\u00e1vislosti od d\u013a\u017eky slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svitu). <\/p>\n<p><strong>Fotoperiodizmus<\/strong> &#8211; a skr\u00e1ten\u00fd de\u0148 sp\u00f4sob\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina stromov usp\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nep\u00f4vodn\u00e9 stromy pou\u017eit\u00e9 pri v\u00fdsadbe s\u00fa olisten\u00e9 nesk\u00f4r a listy str\u00e1caj\u00fa o nie\u010do sk\u00f4r. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Termoperiodizmus<\/strong> &#8211; ni\u017e\u0161ie no\u010dn\u00e9 teploty s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre tie rastliny, ktor\u00fdm skr\u00e1ten\u00fd de\u0148 neovplyv\u0148uje dorma\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edpravky. No\u010dn\u00e9 teploty pod 10 \u00b0C ur\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa prechod do vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho pokoja najm\u00e4 u rastl\u00edn z ju\u017enej\u0161\u00edch \u0161\u00edrok mierneho p\u00e1sma ( <i>Aesculus, Fraxinus, Malus, Prunus avium, Syringa<\/i> ) . Na lokalit\u00e1ch mimo prirodzen\u00fdch p\u00f4d je termoperiodizmus e\u0161te v\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed; termoperiodizmus je e\u0161te v\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed v pr\u00edpade rastl\u00edn z ju\u017enej\u0161\u00edch zemepisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrok mierneho p\u00e1sma ( <i> Aesculus, Fraxinus, Malus, Prunus avium, Syringa<\/i> ). Na pozit\u00edvnej strane (bl\u00edzkos\u0165 bet\u00f3nov\u00fdch budov a t\u00fdm nadmern\u00e9 otep\u013eovanie) alebo na negat\u00edvnej strane (krat\u0161ie a skor\u0161ie dozrievanie dreva v z\u00e1vodoch).   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f05710e elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f05710e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/6Aesculus_hipocastanum.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2625\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/6Aesculus_hipocastanum.jpg 884w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/6Aesculus_hipocastanum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/6Aesculus_hipocastanum-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 6:<\/b> Aesculus hippocastanum. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146df1d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"146df1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b141df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b141df\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e1fd64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e1fd64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Du\u00e1lne ozna\u010denie alebo bin\u00e1rna nomenklatura<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e99227 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4e99227\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5600fce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5600fce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sa dozvieme o v\u00fdzname latinskej terminol\u00f3gie pri pomenovan\u00ed rastl\u00edn. Definujeme pojmy, ktor\u00e9 ilustruj\u00fa konkr\u00e9tne vlastnosti rastl\u00edn a obozn\u00e1mime sa so v\u0161eobecn\u00fdmi charakteristikami drev\u00edn (skupiny okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn, sp\u00f4soby vetvenia, v\u00fd\u0161ka rastu a pod.). Dozvieme sa o systematike, \u010di klasifik\u00e1cii rastl\u00edn do jedn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a nau\u010d\u00edme sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 rastlinn\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010d na identifik\u00e1ciu rastlinn\u00fdch druhov. To je z\u00e1klad pre identifik\u00e1ciu rastl\u00edn a ich vyu\u017eitie v ka\u017edodennej praxi.    <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c7b105 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c7b105\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dreviny parku (stromy, kr\u00edky, pop\u00ednav\u00e9 rastliny) s\u00fa v krajine p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 alebo boli zavle\u010den\u00e9 z r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed. Zauj\u00edma n\u00e1s predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ich okrasn\u00e1 hodnota, ich \u00fa\u017eitkovos\u0165 \u010di \u00fa\u017eitkovos\u0165 a techniky ich pestovania. S\u00fa materi\u00e1lom, s ktor\u00fdm \u010dlovek spravuje krajinu, park, z\u00e1hradu, a s\u00fa tak nenahradite\u013en\u00fdm prvkom pri integr\u00e1cii budov a prostredia. Ich integr\u00e1cia je veda, ktor\u00e1 nie je vlastn\u00e1 len jedn\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu, ale n\u00e1rodom na celom svete, a preto pomenovaniam rastl\u00edn musia rozumie\u0165 v\u0161etci. Jednotn\u00e9 pomenovanie zaviedol u\u017e v 17. storo\u010d\u00ed <strong>Carl Linn\u00e9<\/strong>, \u0161v\u00e9dsky botanik. Zap\u00edsal si n\u00e1zvy rastl\u00edn v latin\u010dine a gr\u00e9\u010dtine, \u010d\u00edm zaviedol dvojak\u00fa alebo bin\u00e1rnu nomenklat\u00faru. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 rastlina m\u00e1 teda dve men\u00e1, ako osoba, priezvisko a krstn\u00e9 meno. V parkovom z\u00e1hradn\u00edctve hovor\u00edme aj o odrod\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa najmen\u0161iu taxonomick\u00fa jednotku v evol\u00facii rastl\u00edn. Odroda zvy\u010dajne ilustruje \u0161pecifick\u00fa formu rastu, sp\u00f4sob rozvetvenia, pestrofarebnos\u0165, pestros\u0165, zvyk rozvetvenia at\u010f.).    <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85fdd36 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"85fdd36\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4704857 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4704857\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pr\u00edklad: <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14cd8f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14cd8f6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-940cf64 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"940cf64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>FAMILIA<\/b> (\u010de\u013ea\u010f): <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e44e8a0 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e44e8a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAGACEAE - buky<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fac60c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fac60c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dd58d3 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2dd58d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>ROD<\/b> (rod):<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc227e1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dc227e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>Fagus<\/i> - Buk<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8591a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f8591a8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1d141b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1d141b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>DRUH<\/b> (druh):<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ac8280 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0ac8280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>sylvatica<\/i> - les<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e029e0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e029e0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cfa1f4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9cfa1f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>VARIETAS<\/b> (odroda): <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fa8c0e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0fa8c0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><i>'Pendula'<\/i> - nad pla\u010dom<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08e0e96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08e0e96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pravidlo pre p\u00edsanie botanick\u00fdch n\u00e1zvov v z\u00e1hradn\u00edctve<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a86eac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a86eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Latin\u010dina je m\u0155tvy jazyk a je ve\u013emi presn\u00fd vo svojom vyjadrovan\u00ed. Gramatika latin\u010diny je jasn\u00e1 a m\u00e1 svoje osobitosti. N\u00e1zvy rastl\u00edn s\u00fa odvoden\u00e9 z latin\u010diny a gr\u00e9\u010dtiny. Preto ich naz\u00fdvame jednoducho botanick\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medzin\u00e1rodnou konvenciou v z\u00e1hradn\u00edctve je p\u00edsa\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fdmi p\u00edsmenami rod, mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1 druhu a odrodu op\u00e4\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fdmi p\u00edsmenami v jednoduch\u00fdch \u00favodzovk\u00e1ch. V textoch p\u00edsan\u00fdch kurz\u00edvou je be\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 botanick\u00fd n\u00e1zov rastl\u00edn:  <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fagus sylvatica &#8218;Pendula&#8216;.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Niekedy existuje aj poddruh, varieta alebo variant (poddruh, varieta, forma, kultivar) druhu. Niekedy \u0161peciality ozna\u010dujeme skratkami, napr. var. (varietas), cv. (kultivar), ssp. (poddruh), f. (formul\u00e1r).       <\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklad:<\/strong> <em>Taxus baccata &#8218;Fastigiata&#8216;<\/em> &#8211; odroda st\u013apovit\u00e9ho tisu; ve\u013ek\u00fdmi p\u00edsmenami odroda v jednoduch\u00fdch \u00favodzovk\u00e1ch. Ak je v\u0161ak druh zn\u00e1my vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode, ozna\u010duje sa skratkou var. (odroda) alebo f. (formul\u00e1r) a p\u00edsan\u00fd s mal\u00fdm p\u00edsmenom bez \u00favodzoviek.   <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rastliny maj\u00fa svoje vlastn\u00e9 be\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy v ka\u017edom jazyku, no tie sa m\u00f4\u017eu v jednotliv\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a373a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64a373a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Niektor\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy pre men\u00e1<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15907fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"15907fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010denie pre farbu<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62ec679 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62ec679\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>a) biela:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ALBUS &#8211; biely ( <i>Abies alba<\/i> &#8211; jed\u013ea biela alebo hloh)<\/p>\n<p>ALBIDUS &#8211; biely ( <i>Cistus albidus<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>ARGENTEUS &#8211; jed\u013ea strieborn\u00e1 ( <i>Picea argentea<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>CANDIDUS &#8211; snehovo biely ( <i>Berberis candida<\/i> ) <\/p>\n<p>VIRIDIS &#8211; zelen\u00e1 ( <i>Fragaria viridis<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>CINEREUS &#8211; siv\u00fd<\/p>\n<p><strong>b) \u017elt\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>AUREUS &#8211; zlat\u00fd ( <i>Ribes aurea<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>VITELLINUS &#8211; hnedo\u017elt\u00fd<\/p>\n<p><strong>c) \u010derven\u00e1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ATROPURPUREA\/ATROPURPUREUS &#8211; pestr\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 ( Acer palmatum &#8218;Atropurpureum&#8216; )<\/p>\n<p>CARNEUS &#8211; m\u00e4sov\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1, tvrd\u00e9 drevo ( Erica carnea )<\/p>\n<p>PURPUREUS \u2013 \u010derven\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>RU\u017dA &#8211; ru\u017eov\u00e1 ( Hibiscus, Rosa sinensis )<\/p>\n<p>RUBRA &#8211; \u010derven\u00e1 ( Acer rubra )<\/p>\n<p>SANGUINEUS &#8211; \u010derven\u00fd ako krv, krvav\u00fd ( Ribes sanguineum )<\/p>\n<p><strong>d) \u010dierne a in\u00e9:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>NIGRA &#8211; \u010dierna ( Pinus nigra )<\/p>\n<p>SEMPERVIRENS &#8211; v\u017edyzelen\u00fd ( Juniperus sempervirens )<\/p>\n<p>SEMPERFLORENS &#8211; v\u017edy kvitn\u00face ( Begonia semperflorens )<\/p>\n<p>SEMPERAUREA &#8211; v\u017edy zlat\u00e1 <\/p>\n<p>TRICOLOR &#8211; tricolor ( Fagus sylvatica &#8218;Tricolor&#8216; )<\/p>\n<p>VARIEGATUM &#8211; pestr\u00fd ( Thujopsis dolabrata &#8218;Variegata&#8216; )<\/p>\n<p>VERRUKOSUS \u2014 bradavi\u010dnat\u00fd<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6b9b0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b6b9b0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010dovanie pre rast<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f9d3a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f9d3a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PENDULA &#8211; pla\u010d ( Betula pendula )<\/p>\n<p>HORIZONTALIS &#8211; horizont\u00e1lne ( Cotoneaster horizontalis )<\/p>\n<p>FASTIGIATUS &#8211; vzpriamen\u00fd, st\u013apovit\u00fd ( Fagus sylvatica &#8218;Fastigiata&#8216; )<\/p>\n<p>ARBORESCENS &#8211; drevit\u00e1 ( Horrangea arborescens )<\/p>\n<p>PYRAMIDALIS &#8211; pyram\u00eddov\u00fd ( Cupressus sempervirens &#8218;Pyramidalis&#8216; )<\/p>\n<p>PUBESCENS &#8211; p\u00e1perovit\u00e9 ( Quercus pubescens )<\/p>\n<p>PUMILO &#8211; trpasli\u010d\u00ed, n\u00edzky ( Pinus pumilo )<\/p>\n<p>REPENS &#8211; plaziv\u00fd, \u0161plhav\u00fd ( Taxus repens )<\/p>\n<p>GLOBOSUS &#8211; okr\u00fahly tvar ( Acer platanoides &#8218;Globosum&#8216; )<\/p>\n<p>GLAUCA &#8211; modrosiv\u00e1, modrosiv\u00e1 ( Picea glauca &#8218;Conica&#8216; )<\/p>\n<p>NANA &#8211; n\u00edzka, pomaly rast\u00faca ( Picea omorika &#8218;Nana&#8216; )<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b47b780 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b47b780\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010denie pre kvetinu<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93b480e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93b480e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FLORIBUNDUS &#8211; Pieris floribunda<\/p>\n<p>MULTIFLORUS &#8211; multiflora ( Rosa multiflora )<\/p>\n<p>POLYANTHUS &#8211; mnohokvet\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>GRANDIFLORUS &#8211; Magn\u00f3lia grandiflora<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33a4486 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33a4486\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zna\u010dky listov<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dba6e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7dba6e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>FOLIUS &#8211; list<\/p>\n<p>GRANDIFOLIUS &#8211; ve\u013ekolist\u00fd ( Fagus grandifolia )<\/p>\n<p>FRAXINIFOLIA &#8211; jase\u0148olist\u00e1 ( Pterocarya fraxinifolia )<\/p>\n<p>CARPINIFOLIA \u2013 hrab oby\u010dajn\u00fd ( Ostrya carpinifolia )<\/p>\n<p>PARVIFOLIUS &#8211; drobnolist\u00fd ( Rubus parvifolius )<\/p>\n<p>MAKROPHOLIUS &#8211; Magnolia macrophylla<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f14b5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f14b5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u00f3dy embry\u00ed<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fa7a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fa7a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>MAKROCARPUS &#8211; Cypressus macrocarpa<\/p>\n<p>CONIFER &#8211; ihli\u010dnat\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>RACEMOSUS &#8211; strapcov\u00fd plod ( Sambucus racemosa )<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-352edeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"352edeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ozna\u010denie p\u00f4vodu rastliny<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c2bab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c2bab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>CAMPESTRE &#8211; Field (<i>Acer campestre<\/i>)<\/p>\n<p>VULGARE &#8211; oby\u010dajn\u00fd ( <i> Syringa vulgaris <\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>ATLANTICA &#8211; Atlantik ( <i> Cedrus atlantica<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>ALPSK\u00c9 &#8211; alpsk\u00e9 ( <i>Ribes alpinus<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>MONTANA\/MONTANUS \u2013 hora ( <i>Ulmus montana <\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>PALUSTRIS &#8211; mo\u010diar ( <i>Caltha palustris<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>OFFICINALIS &#8211; lie\u010div\u00fd ( <i>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>CHINENSIS &#8211; \u010d\u00ednsky ( <i>Juniperus chinensis<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>PERSICA &#8211; perzsk\u00e1 ( <i> Parrotia persica <\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>OCCIDENTALIS &#8211; z\u00e1padn\u00fd ( <i> Platanus occidentalis<\/i> )<\/p>\n<p>ORIENTAL\/ORIENTAL &#8211; Oriental ( <i> Platanus orientalis<\/i> )<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f24430a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f24430a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In\u00e9<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0067224 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0067224\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>HORTENSIS &#8211; hortensis z\u00e1hradn\u00fd ( Satureja hortensis )<\/p>\n<p>SYLVATICA &#8211; les ( Fagus sylvatica )<\/p>\n<p>ODORATA &#8211; vo\u0148av\u00e1 ( Rosa odorata )<\/p>\n<p>STAROSTA &#8211; ve\u013ek\u00fd ( starosta Vinca )<\/p>\n<p>MEDIA &#8211; stredn\u00fd ( Taxus x media )<\/p>\n<p>MINOR &#8211; mal\u00fd ( Vinca minor )<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cba97eb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cba97eb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31bb310 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31bb310\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tabu\u013eka 1: Be\u017en\u00e9 term\u00edny v dendrol\u00f3gii z latinskej\/technickej terminol\u00f3gie<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef25f82 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ef25f82\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05f15bb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"05f15bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ARBOR\u00c9TUM<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60ddb71 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60ddb71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">systematick\u00fd zber p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch a nep\u00f4vodn\u00fdch drev\u00edn na pozorovanie a \u0161t\u00fadium<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97633fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97633fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb7d65 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcb7d65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AUTOGAMOUS rastlina<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab85e9c elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab85e9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Samooplodnenie<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a51b0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2a51b0b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80ced80 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"80ced80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Z\u00e1vod AUTOTROPH<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a94b660 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a94b660\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">sama si vyr\u00e1ba potravu, \u017eiv\u00ed sa anorganick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b83ea72 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b83ea72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ae274 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b2ae274\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">t\u0155\u0148<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-671122d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"671122d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">horn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 vrcholu, v\u00fdrastok z k\u00f4ry, je pretvarovan\u00e1<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-294d24e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"294d24e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260a5bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"260a5bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">CHLOROCARPUS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c92ab78 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c92ab78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">zeleno-plodn\u00fd\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-322b3e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"322b3e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-844c036 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"844c036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">EXOTICK\u00dd<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-794c3f9 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"794c3f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">cudzie druhy drev\u00edn, exotick\u00e9, exotick\u00e9\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c6aa99 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c6aa99\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baece9a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"baece9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ERYTHROCARPUS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09ddd5b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09ddd5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010dervenoplod\u00e9, s \u010derven\u00fdmi plodn\u00fdmi \u0161upinami\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28ae7e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28ae7e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f222717 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f222717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PLODNOS\u0164<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11bbfb9 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11bbfb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plodnos\u0165<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2272841 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2272841\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de45c8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5de45c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FYTOCENOL\u00d3GIA<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe64830 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe64830\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">veda o spolo\u010denstve rastl\u00edn<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-319e7d7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"319e7d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef97267 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef97267\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FRUKTIFIK\u00c1CIA<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed0f4e6 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed0f4e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Semeno<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4d3ed7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b4d3ed7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a95e1 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"88a95e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">GLUTINOSUS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae971a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eae971a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">lepkav\u00fd<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c04056 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c04056\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00e2b0b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"00e2b0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">CONIFERA<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-740f695 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"740f695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ihli\u010dnan, \u0161i\u0161ka<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46e6102 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46e6102\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dffe937 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dffe937\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LATIFOLIUS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75d485d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75d485d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0161irokolist\u00fd<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ea761f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ea761f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af511e4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af511e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LENTICELLA<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b6433d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b6433d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">lenticel<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2c716d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2c716d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64738c0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64738c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LEUCODERMIS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eabcc45 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eabcc45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">druh stromu s bielou k\u00f4rou<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1df0636 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1df0636\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41dcdb6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41dcdb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROVENIENCE<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c4980c elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c4980c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">miestny alebo region\u00e1lny p\u00f4vod alebo miesto p\u00f4vodu dreviny<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c38551 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9c38551\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f753bd elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f753bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SEROTINUS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a57d9ec elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a57d9ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">neskoro, zn\u00e1my<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2981691 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2981691\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eadf7b8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eadf7b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SOLITER<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae1bdf elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ae1bdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">osamel\u00e1, slobodn\u00e1<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-186f696 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"186f696\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c6fc2f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c6fc2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">STERILIS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb0e699 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb0e699\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">m\u00e1rne, steriln\u00e9\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb55592 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb55592\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40c4047 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40c4047\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">STIPULA<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ba861 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0ba861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">cotyledon, cotyledon<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9029bf6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9029bf6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9204f32 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9204f32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TREMULUS<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db866bb elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"db866bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010do sa chveje, chveje<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-450bafe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"450bafe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea9fd1f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ea9fd1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ROZMANITOS\u0164<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4dcd89 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e4dcd89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">odroda, variant, kultivar<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8977228 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8977228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Z\u00e1very<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c666ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c666ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sme sa nau\u010dili z\u00e1klady latinskej terminol\u00f3gie a n\u00e1zvy okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. Dozvedeli sme sa ako rast\u00fa okrasn\u00e9 rastliny a z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u010dasti rastliny a ich v\u00fdznam v stavbe rastliny. Definovali sme d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 bin\u00e1rneho n\u00e1zvoslovia v ka\u017edodennej z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rskej pr\u00e1ci.   <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-507c48c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"507c48c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeefc14 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eeefc14\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f35e487 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f35e487\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Spr\u00e1vna rastlina na spr\u00e1vnom mieste<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6884f7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6884f7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc35a36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc35a36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sa dozvieme o environment\u00e1lnych faktoroch, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa rast a v\u00fdvoj rastl\u00edn a n\u00e1roky na pestovanie okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. Dozvieme sa o sp\u00f4soboch rozmno\u017eovania ihli\u010dnat\u00fdch a listnat\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. Pozrieme sa na klasifika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ihli\u010dnanov a listnat\u00fdch rastl\u00edn a uvid\u00edme vz\u0165ahy medzi nimi.   <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88b54da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88b54da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Environment\u00e1lne faktory<\/strong> , ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa rast a v\u00fdvoj rastl\u00edn, s\u00fa:<\/p>\n<p><strong>VODA: <\/strong> existuj\u00fa suchomiln\u00e9 rastliny alebo <strong>xerofyty<\/strong> , ktor\u00e9 sa dok\u00e1\u017eu prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 such\u00fdm podmienkam pestovania ( <i>kaktusy<\/i> ) <i>,<\/i> a vlhkomiln\u00e9 rastliny alebo <strong>hygrofyty<\/strong> , ktor\u00e9 potrebuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vnu alebo stredn\u00fa vlhkos\u0165 ( <i>Salix &#8211; v\u0155ba, Populus &#8211; topo\u013e<\/i> ) <i>,<\/i> <strong>mezofyty.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p><strong>SVETLO:<\/strong> m\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd vplyv na rast rastl\u00edn a fotosynt\u00e9zu. Je to hlavn\u00fd gener\u00e1tor v\u00fdvoja rastl\u00edn. Rastliny, ktor\u00e9 miluj\u00fa ve\u013ea svetla, sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa <strong>heliofyty.<\/strong>   <\/p>\n<p><strong>TEPLOTA :<\/strong> rozli\u0161ujeme teplomiln\u00e9 ( <i>Juglans, Prunus, Gymnocladus dioicus, Magnolia <\/i> ) a chladnomiln\u00e9 rastliny ( <i>Picea, Larix, Abies<\/i> );<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00d4DA:<\/strong> rastlina \u010derp\u00e1 \u017eiviny z p\u00f4dy, \u010d\u00edm ju aj podporuje;<\/p>\n<p><strong>TER\u00c9N:<\/strong> Ako sa men\u00ed kl\u00edma s nadmorskou v\u00fd\u0161kou, men\u00ed sa aj veget\u00e1cia, \u010d\u00edm sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 vegeta\u010dn\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 p\u00e1sma; <\/p>\n<p><strong>HR\u00daBKA P\u00d4DY:<\/strong> Na svahoch ten\u0161ia p\u00f4da; <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010cLOVEK:<\/strong> zmena prirodzenej veget\u00e1cie (zmen\u0161ovanie a pretv\u00e1ranie \u010dlovekom); <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6919e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d6919e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5000a32 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5000a32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/7Gymnocladus_dioicus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2635\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/7Gymnocladus_dioicus.jpg 598w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/7Gymnocladus_dioicus-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58e2552 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"58e2552\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"595\" height=\"396\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/8Gymnocladus_dioicus_leaves.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2639\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/8Gymnocladus_dioicus_leaves.jpg 595w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/8Gymnocladus_dioicus_leaves-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9af1355 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9af1355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Obr\u00e1zky 7 a 8:<\/strong> Gymnocladus dioicus &#8211; k\u00e1vovn\u00edk Kentucky. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43932ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43932ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KOMPLEXNOS\u0164 PESTOVANIA<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a59a98a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a59a98a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Je to ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed stromov pri v\u00fdsadbe. Vhodn\u00fd v\u00fdber rastl\u00edn umo\u017e\u0148uje ekonomick\u00fa \u00fadr\u017ebu v porovnan\u00ed s v\u00fdsadbou, ktor\u00e1 tento aspekt zanedb\u00e1va. Je preto potrebn\u00e9 pozna\u0165 rastov\u00e9 faktory a okrasn\u00fa hodnotu ka\u017edej rastliny.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existuj\u00fa rozdiely z h\u013eadiska zlo\u017eitosti pestovania:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd druh <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; vhodn\u00fd do verejn\u00fdch v\u00fdsadieb. Ide o druhy a odrody, ktor\u00e9 dobre rast\u00fa na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine lokal\u00edt. Ich \u00fadr\u017eba si vy\u017eaduje m\u00e1lo pr\u00e1ce a zdrojov za predpokladu, \u017ee s\u00fa vysaden\u00e9 tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, \u017ee sa okrem aspektov dizajnu zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fa aj ekologick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 h\u013eadisk\u00e1.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">N\u00edzkon\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, prisp\u00f4sobiv\u00fd druh <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; vhodn\u00fd na v\u00fdsadbu do z\u00e1hrad, ale len ako sprievodn\u00e9 druhy a odrody vo verejn\u00fdch v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch. S\u00fa n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie na pr\u00e1cu a zdroje, aby udr\u017eali a priniesli do priestoru viac farieb, biotopov, \u0161trukt\u00far a text\u00far. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druhy a odrody pre kutilov <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; ide o n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 druhy a odrody na stanovi\u0161te. Vo verejn\u00fdch v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch sa vys\u00e1dzaj\u00fa len za v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed (napr. okolo pamiatok). Ich \u00fadr\u017eba je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e1.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Druhy a odrody pre zberate\u013eov <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013 patria sem vz\u00e1cne druhy a odrody a novinky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre verejn\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby pr\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9. Zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fa sa \u0161peci\u00e1lne po\u017eiadavky na \u00fadr\u017ebu, ako je ochrana pred chladom, da\u017e\u010fom. Potrebuj\u00fa ve\u013ea pr\u00e1ce a zdrojov, aby dobre r\u00e1stli.   <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6497c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6497c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Niektor\u00e9 z v\u00fdrazov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v parkovej z\u00e1hrade<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Endemit<\/strong> &#8211; rastlina, ktor\u00e1 rastie len na obmedzenom \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u00f4vodn\u00e1 drevina<\/strong> &#8211; autocht\u00f3nna, p\u00f4vodn\u00e1, p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 drevina.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Naturalizovan\u00fd<\/strong> &#8211; plne prisp\u00f4soben\u00fd rastlinn\u00fd druh, ktor\u00fd je v podstate p\u00f4vodn\u00fd v na\u0161om klimatickom p\u00e1sme z in\u00fdch miest.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alpinetum<\/strong> &#8211; plant\u00e1\u017e vysokohorsk\u00fdch rastl\u00edn, hlavne na \u0161tudijn\u00e9 alebo okrasn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00fd park<\/strong> &#8211; ve\u013ek\u00e9, pr\u00edrodn\u00e9, ohrani\u010den\u00e9, preva\u017ene nedotknut\u00e9 \u00fazemie s ekosyst\u00e9mami a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ami ve\u013ek\u00e9ho alebo v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu pre Slovinsk\u00fa republiku, ur\u010den\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na ochranu a \u0161t\u00fadium pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov a na rekre\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Krajinn\u00fd park<\/strong> &#8211; oblas\u0165 kultivovanej pr\u00edrody, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja r\u00f4zne krajiny s prvkami pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho a kult\u00farneho dedi\u010dstva.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pamiatka navrhnutej pr\u00edrody<\/strong> &#8211; mal\u00e1 plocha z\u00e1hradnej alebo parkovej \u00fapravy s botanick\u00fdm, estetick\u00fdm alebo kult\u00farnym v\u00fdznamom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1hradn\u00edctvo<\/strong> \u2013 \u010dinnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 zlep\u0161ovan\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00e9ho priestoru z kult\u00farnych d\u00f4vodov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bazofil<\/strong> \u2013 bazofiln\u00e1 rastlina \u2013 rastlina, ktorej sa dar\u00ed na z\u00e1saditej p\u00f4de; p\u00f4da na uhli\u010ditanovo alkalickej p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bin\u00e1rne n\u00e1zvoslovie<\/strong> \u2013 du\u00e1lne pomenovanie rastl\u00edn a \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov s cie\u013eom zjednoti\u0165 a vytvori\u0165 zrozumite\u013en\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy pre v\u0161etko \u017eiv\u00e9 na svete.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fenol\u00f3gia<\/strong> &#8211; veda, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 javmi periodicity v \u017eivom svete (listenie, kvitnutie)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Monokult\u00fara<\/strong> &#8211; plant\u00e1\u017e jedn\u00e9ho stromu (alebo in\u00e9ho) druhu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b04ceaa elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b04ceaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/9Arboretum.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2643\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/9Arboretum.jpg 814w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/9Arboretum-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/9Arboretum-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 9:<\/b> Franc\u00fazsky park (parter) v Arbor\u00e9te Vol\u010dji Potok. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eab3913 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eab3913\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c5c09d elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1c5c09d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10Ailanthus_altissima.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2647\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10Ailanthus_altissima.jpg 811w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10Ailanthus_altissima-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/10Ailanthus_altissima-768x433.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d239624 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d239624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/11Acer.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2651\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/11Acer.jpg 500w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/11Acer-222x300.jpg 222w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44c98d1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44c98d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><strong>Obr\u00e1zky 10 a 11:<\/strong> Spr\u00e1vna rastlina na spr\u00e1vnom mieste. \u00daplne nevhodn\u00e9 stanovi\u0161te pre strom nebesk\u00fd  <\/i>( <i>Ailanthus altissima<\/i> )<i> v\u013eavo a nedostatok miesta pre rast kore\u0148ov v javore vpravo. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2021). <\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0b79f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e0b79f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DIV\u00cdZIA RASTL\u00cdN <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba0a86f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba0a86f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u0161etky rastliny v syst\u00e9me s\u00fa zaraden\u00e9 do div\u00edzi\u00ed, tried, r\u00e1dov, \u010de\u013ead\u00ed, rodov, druhov, odr\u00f4d. Pre z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rov s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 rastliny semenn\u00e9 rastliny alebo spermatofyty, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nahosemenn\u00e9 alebo krytosemenn\u00e9. Gymnospermy s\u00fa najstar\u0161ie rastliny. Zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa exempl\u00e1re star\u0161ie ako 3000 rokov. Najviac drev\u00edn n\u00e1jdeme medzi krytosemenn\u00fdmi rastlinami, najm\u00e4 dvojkl\u00ed\u010dnolistov\u00fdmi. Z jednokl\u00ed\u010dnolistov\u00fdch rastl\u00edn sa dreviny vyskytuj\u00fa len v \u010de\u013eade palmovit\u00fdch (\u010de\u013ea\u010f <i>Palmae<\/i> ) a v \u010de\u013eade \u013ealiovit\u00e9 (\u010de\u013ea\u010f Liliaceae), rod <i>Ruscus<\/i>.     <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-048558f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"048558f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spolo\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti ihli\u010dnanov <\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa2d49f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa2d49f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ihli\u010dnany pozn\u00e1me pod\u013ea ihli\u010dia (premenen\u00fdch listov), ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fa \u00falohu ako listy listnat\u00fdch stromov. Listy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tenk\u00e9, hrub\u00e9, ko\u017eovit\u00e9, tuh\u00e9 ihli\u010die alebo \u0161upiny. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 svetlozelen\u00e9, modrozelen\u00e9, tmavozelen\u00e9, \u010diernozelen\u00e9, bielo pestr\u00e9, \u017elt\u00e9 alebo zlato\u017elt\u00e9, hned\u00e9, oran\u017eov\u00e9 alebo meden\u00e9.  <\/p>\n<p>Rast\u00fa od hladiny mora (borovice) a\u017e po hranicu stromov vysoko v hor\u00e1ch (smrekovec, borovica trpasli\u010d\u00ed). Listy m\u00f4\u017eu opad\u00e1va\u0165 alebo by\u0165 v\u017edyzelen\u00e9. S\u00fa to najm\u00e4 v\u017edyzelen\u00e9, ale niektor\u00e9 v zime zhadzuj\u00fa ihli\u010die (napr. smrekovec, cypru\u0161tek mo\u010diarny, sekvoja zimn\u00e1.  <\/p>\n<p>Kvety ihli\u010dnanov s\u00fa v\u017edy jednopohlavn\u00e9 a jednodom\u00e9 alebo obojpohlavn\u00e9. Ihli\u010dnany zvy\u010dajne kvitn\u00fa len na horn\u00fdch kon\u00e1roch star\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn. Ke\u010f pe\u013e dozrie, pra\u0161n\u00edky sa otvoria a vietor ho odnesie \u010faleko.  <\/p>\n<p>Plody ihli\u010dnanov sa zvy\u010dajne naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u0161i\u0161ky: ide o drevnat\u00e9 alebo du\u017einat\u00e9 a zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e9 s\u00fakvetia opelen\u00fdch sami\u010d\u00edch kvetov. Obsahuj\u00fa semen\u00e1, bu\u010f drevit\u00e9 alebo ko\u017eovit\u00e9, tvoren\u00e9 zo semenn\u00fdch \u0161i\u0161iek nes\u00facich ko\u017eovit\u00e9 \u0161upiny. Tieto predstavuj\u00fa vlastnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho druhu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0161i\u0161iek sa otv\u00e1ra pri zrelosti ( <i> Picea<\/i> ) a semienko m\u00f4\u017ee vypadn\u00fa\u0165. Len nieko\u013eko \u0161i\u0161iek sa \u00faplne rozpadne a na v\u00fdhonku zostane len os \u0161i\u0161ky ( <i>Abies, Cedrus<\/i> ) <i>.<\/i> Pr\u00e1zdne \u0161i\u0161ky m\u00f4\u017eu zosta\u0165 na strome mnoho rokov (u <i>mnoh\u00fdch druhov Pinus<\/i> ).    <\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 ihli\u010dnany nemaj\u00fa prav\u00e9 \u0161i\u0161ky, ale bobu\u013eovit\u00e9 \u0161i\u0161tice, napr\u00edklad borievky, kde s\u00fa plodnice du\u017einat\u00e9 \u2013 \u0161i\u0161ka sa vyv\u00edja v\u017edy z okvetia.<\/p>\n<p>U niektor\u00fdch ihli\u010dnanov ( <i>Taxus, Torreya<\/i> ) <i>,<\/i> plod nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0161i\u0161ka, preto\u017ee sa vyvinul z jedn\u00e9ho kvetu. Tu je semeno obklopen\u00e9 m\u00e4sitou po\u0161vou. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82e5cfd elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82e5cfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12Taxus_baccata.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2655\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12Taxus_baccata.jpg 359w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/12Taxus_baccata-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 359px) 100vw, 359px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 12:<\/b> Tis oby\u010dajn\u00fd ( Taxus baccata ) s du\u017einat\u00fdmi plodmi. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P. (2023) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d87160 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d87160\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rozmno\u017eovanie ihli\u010dnanov<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6701a23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6701a23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00fa to stromy a kr\u00edky, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa ihli\u010die a \u0161i\u0161ky. Niektor\u00e9 z nich nemaj\u00fa prav\u00e9 ihly, ale \u0161upiny ( <i>Cupressus<\/i> ), alebo nemaj\u00fa \u0161i\u0161ky ( <i>Taxus<\/i> ), alebo to v\u00f4bec nie s\u00fa ihli\u010dnany, preto\u017ee nemaj\u00fa ihli\u010die ( <i>kv\u00e1zi ihli\u010dnany &#8211; Ginkgo, Cycas<\/i> ) <i>.<\/i> <\/p>\n<p>Ihli\u010dnany s\u00fa najstar\u0161\u00edm a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm rastom v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch vec\u00ed na Zemi a niektor\u00e9 z nich s\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi obrami ( <i>Sequoia sempervirens<\/i> ) <i> .<\/i> Ihli\u010dnany boli kedysi ove\u013ea roz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie, no ako sa zmenili klimatick\u00e9 podmienky, nahradili ich listn\u00e1\u010de, najm\u00e4 v teplej\u0161\u00edch oblastiach. Ihli\u010dnanov je dnes podstatne menej ako listnat\u00fdch stromov.  <\/p>\n<p>Ihli\u010dnany sa rozmno\u017euj\u00fa tromi sp\u00f4sobmi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">so semenom,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">s odrezkami,<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">prostredn\u00edctvom vr\u00fab\u013eovania.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b41b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0b41b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hovor\u00edme o semennom alebo generat\u00edvnom rozmno\u017eovan\u00ed a mimosemennom alebo vegetat\u00edvnom rozmno\u017eovan\u00ed. Sadenice rast\u00fa pravidelnej\u0161ie a r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako vegetat\u00edvne rozmno\u017eovan\u00e9 rastliny. Rozmno\u017eovanie semenom je mo\u017en\u00e9 len u pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch druhov.  <\/p>\n<p>Odrezky sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na rozmno\u017eovanie vz\u00e1cnych druhov, z ktor\u00fdch sa nez\u00edskavaj\u00fa semen\u00e1 alebo je v\u00fdsev ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd. Rozmno\u017eovanie odrezkami je mo\u017enos\u0165ou, ak si sadenice nezachovaj\u00fa vlastnosti druhu a s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 geneticky r\u00f4znorod\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Vr\u00fab\u013eovanie je be\u017en\u00e9 pri rozmno\u017eovan\u00ed odr\u00f4d, ktor\u00e9 sa vyzna\u010duj\u00fa pomal\u00fdm rastom, farbou ihli\u010dia a pod. Niektor\u00e9 okrasn\u00e9 rastliny je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozmno\u017eova\u0165 iba \u0161tepen\u00edm ( <i>Cedrus atlantica &#8218;Glauca Pendula&#8216;, Prunus serrulata &#8218;Kiku Shidare Sakura&#8216; at\u010f.<\/i> ). <\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00fd rastlinn\u00fd syst\u00e9m je rozdelen\u00fd do dvoch skup\u00edn:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">NI\u017d\u0160IE RASTLINY: bakt\u00e9rie, riasy, huby, li\u0161ajn\u00edky<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">VY\u0160\u0160IE RASTLINY: p\u00fa\u010diky (machy, paprade) a sadenice alebo kvety (nahosemenn\u00e9 a krytosemenn\u00e9 )<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03425a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"03425a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KVETNUT\u00c9 RASTLINY - ANGIOSPERMAE<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a5be81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a5be81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Existuje asi 300 000 zn\u00e1mych druhov kvitn\u00facich rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa najrozvinutej\u0161ou skupinou rastl\u00edn. Maj\u00fa kvety, plody a semen\u00e1, ktor\u00fdch embryo je v\u00fdsledkom spojenia \u017eensk\u00fdch a mu\u017esk\u00fdch gam\u00e9t (pohlavn\u00e9 rozmno\u017eovanie). Tu hovor\u00edme o <strong>hermafroditn\u00fdch<\/strong> (dokonal\u00fdch) kvetoch.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>Kvety sa delia na:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GYMNOSPERMS (semeno vo\u013ene le\u017eiace na struku semena)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ANGIOSPERMS (semeno je ukryt\u00e9 v pl\u00e1\u0161ti &#8211; piestik)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41b20a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41b20a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>GYMNOSPERMS &#8211; GYMNOSPERMAE<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">FALO\u0160N\u00c9 Ihli\u010dnany (<i>Ginkgo, Cycas &#8211; s\u00e1gov\u00e9 palmy<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">IHLI\u010cNANY<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41096c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41096c3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb43873 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bb43873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"435\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13Sequoia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2659\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13Sequoia.jpg 435w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/13Sequoia-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6438842 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6438842\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14Sequoia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2663\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14Sequoia.jpg 774w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14Sequoia-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14Sequoia-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4a14c1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4a14c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Obr\u00e1zky 13 a 14:<\/strong> Sekvojovec pobre\u017en\u00fd ( Sequoia sempervirens ) . Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023 <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71c6b61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"71c6b61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DIVERZIFIK\u00c1CIA RASTL\u00cdN \u2013 (Angiospermae)<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb9e8df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb9e8df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Krytosemenn\u00e9 rastliny sa delia na dvojkl\u00ed\u010dnolistov\u00e9 a jednokl\u00ed\u010dnolistov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dvojkl\u00ed\u010dnolistov\u00e9 s\u00fa rastliny s dvoma kl\u00ed\u010dnymi listami, kambiom v stonke, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 drevnat\u00e9, listy s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou stopkat\u00e9, r\u00f4zne tvarovan\u00e9, kvety s\u00fa dvoj-, \u0161tvor- alebo p\u00e4\u0165listov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jednokl\u00ed\u010dnolistov\u00e9 s\u00fa rastliny s jedn\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dnym listom, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou bylinn\u00e9, s trsovit\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi, sediacimi listami a trojlupe\u0148ov\u00fdmi kvetmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aj z h\u013eadiska vyu\u017eitia rozli\u0161ujeme byliny a dreviny. Listnat\u00e9 stromy m\u00f4\u017eu na jese\u0148 zhadzova\u0165 listy, preto hovor\u00edme o listnat\u00fdch rastlin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 v prostred\u00ed dominuj\u00fa. Existuj\u00fa aj v\u017edyzelen\u00e9, ktor\u00fdch je ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Listnat\u00e9 listnat\u00e9 rastliny mo\u017eno v z\u00e1vislosti od ich pou\u017eitia rozdeli\u0165 do nasleduj\u00facich skup\u00edn:<\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b67dadf elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b67dadf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-15-SK-1024x626.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2667\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-15-SK-1024x626.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-15-SK-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-15-SK-768x470.jpg 768w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-15-SK-1536x939.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArborTech-M2-15-SK-2048x1253.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 15:<\/b> Rozdelenie listnat\u00fdch listnat\u00fdch rastl\u00edn na z\u00e1klade ich potenci\u00e1lu vyu\u017eitia. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf1139b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf1139b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Charakteristika listnat\u00fdch stromov<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r\u00fdchlo alebo pomaly rast\u00face,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">r\u00fdchly rast v mladom veku,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pomal\u00fd rast v mladosti,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dlh\u00e1 alebo kr\u00e1tka \u017eivotnos\u0165.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a117e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a117e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Rozmno\u017eovanie listnat\u00fdch stromov<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">so semienkami,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s odrezkami,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hrebe\u0148,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s kore\u0148ov\u00fdmi v\u00fdrastkami,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0161tepenie,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">meristematickej (in vitro) reprodukcie.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4acfdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4acfdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Z\u00e1very<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-637827c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"637827c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sme sa dozvedeli, pre\u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ma\u0165 dvojit\u00e9 men\u00e1 a \u010do znamenaj\u00fa latinsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy v n\u00e1zvoch rastl\u00edn. Identifikovali sme v\u00fdznam drev\u00edn vo vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed krajiny a spoznali systematiku okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn v s\u00fastave rastl\u00edn. Nau\u010dili sme sa rozli\u0161ova\u0165 ihli\u010dnany a listnat\u00e9 rastliny a identifikova\u0165 a pop\u00edsa\u0165 v\u00fdznam hlavn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed rastl\u00edn (kore\u0148, stonka, koruna, list, kvet a plod). Nau\u010dili sme sa najbe\u017enej\u0161ie sp\u00f4soby rozmno\u017eovania v okrasn\u00fdch rastlin\u00e1ch. Dozvedeli sme sa o rozdieloch medzi nah\u00fdmi a zakryt\u00fdmi semenami a ako n\u00e1js\u0165 hlavn\u00e9 charakteristiky ka\u017edej skupiny.     <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f10780 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f10780\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea8e34b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ea8e34b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc0a2b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc0a2b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Vyu\u017eitie rastl\u00edn v parkovom z\u00e1hradn\u00edctve<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3f6893 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3f6893\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf9c553 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf9c553\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sa dozvieme o v\u00fdzname okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn v ka\u017edodennom z\u00e1hradk\u00e1r\u010den\u00ed a ich rozmanitosti. Rastliny od seba odl\u00ed\u0161ime a zarad\u00edme pod\u013ea \u00fa\u010delu pou\u017eitia (solit\u00e9r, p\u00f4dopokryv, alt\u00e1nok, hroby a cintor\u00edny). Dozvieme sa o v\u00fdzname okrasnej hodnoty rastl\u00edn.   <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b55f7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7b55f7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdznam stromov v krajine<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c8a1d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c8a1d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V ran\u00fdch obdobiach sa kl\u00e1dol d\u00f4raz najm\u00e4 na \u00fa\u017eitkovos\u0165. Stromy boli cenen\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre svoje plody a neodmyslite\u013ene aj pre tie\u0148 vytv\u00e1ran\u00fd ich ve\u013ek\u00fdmi korunami. V 18. storo\u010d\u00ed stromy prevzali vo vonkaj\u0161om priestore \u00faplne in\u00fa \u00falohu. V\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edm dizajnov\u00fdm prvkom sa stali stromy vysaden\u00e9 ako solit\u00e9r (jednotlivo) alebo v skupin\u00e1ch.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Plant\u00e1\u017e stromov sa stala cenenou pre:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tvar vrchl\u00edka a sp\u00f4sob jeho rastu,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">text\u00fary a farby listov,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">farby kvetov ,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">v\u00fdhonky, p\u00fa\u010diky, k\u00f4ra, stonky, <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ovocie, semen\u00e1,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 v\u00f4\u0148a.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcec2b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcec2b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Dnes s\u00fa stromy najnevyhnutnej\u0161\u00edm a najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edm prvkom v krajine:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">integra\u010dn\u00e1 \u00faloha,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">clona z vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia (blokovanie v\u00fdh\u013eadu do okolia, tlmenie vetra a pod.).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">koruna stromu vytv\u00e1ra pr\u00edjemn\u00fa mikrokl\u00edmu,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stromy poskytuj\u00fa zvierat\u00e1m \u00fakryt (potrava pre vt\u00e1ky, miesta na \u017eivot at\u010f.),<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vzory na podlah\u00e1ch a sten\u00e1ch domov, sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 hrou svetla a tie\u0148a,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stromy maj\u00fa symbolick\u00fa \u00falohu (vys\u00e1dzanie pri v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch m\u00ed\u013enikoch ako s\u00fa samostatnos\u0165, v\u00fdro\u010dia&#8230;).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cbe749 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cbe749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 stromov (fytocen\u00f3za): spolo\u010denstvo stromov je zoskupenie rastl\u00edn s podobn\u00fdmi ekologick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami a n\u00e1rokmi, zoskupen\u00e9 pod\u013ea kl\u00edmy, p\u00f4dy, oblasti at\u010f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>V na\u0161om prostred\u00ed sa dozved\u00e1me o najpriaznivej\u0161\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch, kde s\u00fa stromy rovnak\u00e9ho alebo podobn\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu, napr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mokra\u010fov\u00e9 stromy,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stromov\u00fd pokryv s dobrou \u00farodnou p\u00f4dou,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stromov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka na vresovisk\u00e1ch a pieskov\u00fdch dun\u00e1ch,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stromy chladn\u00fdch, vlhk\u00fdch lesov.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e2af6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e2af6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Vedie\u0165, ako strom reaguje na p\u00f4dne a nadzemn\u00e9 faktory, je rozhoduj\u00face pre vyu\u017eitie rastl\u00edn v priestore:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">p\u00f4dna vlhkos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd vz\u0165ah s kyslos\u0165ou, vzdu\u0161nou priepustnos\u0165ou p\u00f4dy a vlhkos\u0165ou p\u00f4dy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pH p\u00f4dy \u2013 acidofiln\u00e9 rastliny s\u00fa kyslomiln\u00e9 rastliny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa typick\u00e9 pre podm\u00e1\u010dan\u00e9 p\u00f4dy; pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu rastl\u00edn vyhovuj\u00fa slabo kysl\u00e9 p\u00f4dy, slabo z\u00e1sadit\u00e9 p\u00f4dy sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na \u0161trkovisk\u00e1ch a pri brehoch riek te\u010d\u00facich z v\u00e1pencov\u00fdch pohor\u00ed, z\u00e1sadit\u00e9 p\u00f4dy sa vyskytuj\u00fa na n\u00e1sypoch a na skl\u00e1dkach priemyseln\u00e9ho odpadu&#8230;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">typ text\u00fary a vzdu\u0161n\u00e1 priepustnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy, <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vlhkos\u0165 p\u00f4dy,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00farodnos\u0165 a h\u013abka p\u00f4dy,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stupe\u0148 slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia alebo tienenia,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tepeln\u00e9 podmienky.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e86f11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e86f11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Okrasn\u00e1 a \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e1 hodnota<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bc45b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bc45b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okrasn\u00e9 rastliny s\u00fa prinesen\u00e9 z r\u00f4znych prostred\u00ed pre ich okrasn\u00fa hodnotu. Ako sme sa nau\u010dili prostredn\u00edctvom syst\u00e9mu rastl\u00edn, m\u00e1me r\u00f4zne stromy\/kr\u00edky\/rastliny&#8230; a r\u00f4zne okrasn\u00e9 hodnoty na r\u00f4zne \u00fa\u010dely. Okrasn\u00e1 hodnota zah\u0155\u0148a: pestros\u0165, rozkon\u00e1renie, st\u013apovit\u00fd, previsnut\u00fd, ovisnut\u00fd, opadnut\u00fd vzrast, ve\u013ekos\u0165, tvar a farbu listov, kvetov a plodov, text\u00faru k\u00f4ry at\u010f.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rastliny sa v z\u00e1vislosti od ich okrasnej hodnoty kombinuj\u00fa v r\u00f4znych v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch pod\u013ea \u00fa\u010delu a potrieb, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa (komunitn\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada, verejn\u00e9 priestranstvo, park &#8211; k\u00fapele, tov\u00e1re\u0148, cintor\u00edn, kruhov\u00fd objazd, dvor, terasa, odpo\u010d\u00edvadlo, pergola, strechy a m\u00fariky, at\u010f.). Vzh\u013eadom na n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s dispoz\u00edciou v\u00fdsadby, vzh\u013eadom a potrebami priestoru v\u017edy vyber\u00e1me vhodn\u00e9 rastliny pod\u013ea v\u00fd\u0161ky a \u0161\u00edrky porastu, podstielky a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed, ktor\u00fdmi ka\u017ed\u00e1 rastlina disponuje. Okrasn\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba by sa mala v\u017edy kombinova\u0165 v skupinov\u00fdch v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch, preto\u017ee viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba poskytuje dobr\u00e9 clonenie a pom\u00e1ha tak proti ne\u017eiaducim poh\u013eadom.   <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-baea9da elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"baea9da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"407\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/16Picea_abies_Inversa.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2674\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/16Picea_abies_Inversa.jpg 407w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/16Picea_abies_Inversa-169x300.jpg 169w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 16:<\/b> Medzi \u0161peci\u00e1lne znaky patr\u00ed Picea abies 'Inversa', ktorej klesaj\u00faci rast sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee vyzer\u00e1 pokojne a pokojne. Vhodn\u00e9 na v\u00fdsadbu do hrobov, predz\u00e1hradiek, skaliek alebo ter\u00e1s. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023.  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe809f7 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fe809f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"541\" height=\"812\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17Robinia_Umbraculifera.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2678\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17Robinia_Umbraculifera.jpg 541w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17Robinia_Umbraculifera-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 17:<\/b> Robinia pseudoacacia 'Umbraculifera' je odoln\u00fd okrasn\u00fd druh vhodn\u00fd na men\u0161ie plochy. Potrebuje ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd rez, aby sa udr\u017eal v kond\u00edcii a neust\u00e1le sa obnovoval. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023.  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc483b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc483b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pou\u017eitie nep\u00f4vodn\u00fdch stromov<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1025d8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1025d8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bcf684 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2bcf684\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto podkapitole sa dozvieme, \u010do s\u00fa to nep\u00f4vodn\u00e9 dreviny a ak\u00fd je ich v\u00fdznam v z\u00e1hradk\u00e1rskej v\u00fdsadbe. Dozvieme sa o v\u00fdzname teplotn\u00fdch p\u00e1siem a aklimatiza\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch pre okrasn\u00e9 dreviny. Dozvieme sa o pr\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch zimn\u00e9ho poklesu rastl\u00edn.  <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c773da elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c773da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee stromy \u010dasto poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z teplej\u0161\u00edch miest, zvy\u010dajne potrebuj\u00fa nejak\u00fd \u010das na prisp\u00f4sobenie sa alebo aklimatiz\u00e1ciu. Ke\u010f teploty na konci leta za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa klesa\u0165, stromy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa prv\u00e9 pr\u00edpravy na vegeta\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00e1nok. Vtedy sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 zimn\u00e9 puky , ktor\u00e9 sa naplno rozvin\u00fa, ke\u010f listy \u017eltn\u00fa a opad\u00e1vaj\u00fa.  <\/p>\n<p><b>Skuto\u010dn\u00fd odpo\u010dinok, zimn\u00fd sp\u00e1nok a prebudenie<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V hibern\u00e1cii je protoplazma, bunka a tkanivo pripraven\u00e9 odol\u00e1va\u0165 chladu: &#8211; 15\u00b0C, &#8211; 20\u00b0C a viac. Teplotn\u00fd rozsah, ktor\u00fd rastlina znesie bez po\u0161kodenia, sa l\u00ed\u0161i od druhu k druhu. <\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161a kl\u00edma je charakteristick\u00e1 denn\u00fdmi maximami nad 10\u00b0C \u010dasto u\u017e koncom janu\u00e1ra, po ktor\u00fdch nasleduj\u00fa zimn\u00e9 minim\u00e1 v janu\u00e1ri. Preto rastliny z tak\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, kde je to be\u017en\u00fd jav, zvy\u010dajne nereaguj\u00fa na kr\u00e1tke obdobie vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch tepl\u00f4t. <\/p>\n<p>Rastliny, ktor\u00e9 nehybernuj\u00fa, teda rastliny z ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch zemepisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00edrok, v\u0161ak reaguj\u00fa r\u00fdchlo, napr\u00edklad <i>Magnolia, Paeonia suffruticosa, Rosa sp<\/i> ..<\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 stromy musia ma\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fa dobu ni\u017e\u0161iu teplotu, aby pre\u0161li zo skuto\u010dnej dormancie do pokoja a prebudenia, ako napr\u00edklad <i>Acer, Forsythia, Chaenomeles, Pinus, Prunus at\u010f. <\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>V\u00fdber druhov stromov pre zimn\u00fa odolnos\u0165<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00f3ny prezimovania umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa jednoduch\u00e9 a r\u00fdchle pos\u00fadenie vhodnosti a pravdepodobnosti pre\u017eitia porastu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00f3ny zimnej odolnosti sa celosvetovo \u00faspe\u0161ne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na stromoch introdukovan\u00fdch odinakia\u013e. V Eur\u00f3pe u\u017e menej, preto\u017ee po\u010dasie je v\u010faka Alp\u00e1m a bl\u00edzkosti Atlantick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu ove\u013ea premenlivej\u0161ie a nepredv\u00eddate\u013enej\u0161ie. <\/p>\n<p><b>Zimn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pre eur\u00f3psku oblas\u0165 boli vypracovan\u00e9 mapy z\u00f3n zimnej odolnosti drev\u00edn a viacro\u010dn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. Mapy zobrazuj\u00fa oblasti, v ktor\u00fdch mo\u017eno o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 druhy stromov znes\u00fa n\u00edzke teploty. Tieto inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa dodato\u010dnou pom\u00f4ckou pri v\u00fdbere rastl\u00edn.  <\/p>\n<p>Dobre zostarnut\u00e9 drevo v pr\u00edpade stromov je ove\u013ea pevnej\u0161ie ako nezstarnut\u00e9 drevo v pr\u00edpade n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t. Rastliny z chladnej\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed v teplej\u0161\u00edch oblastiach nevymrzn\u00fa, to v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee bud\u00fa dobre r\u00e1s\u0165. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eddf7a elementor-widget__width-inherit dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3eddf7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"579\" height=\"385\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/18Thujopsis_dolabrata.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2683\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/18Thujopsis_dolabrata.jpg 579w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/18Thujopsis_dolabrata-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 579px) 100vw, 579px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 18:<\/b> Thujopsis dolabrata je \u0161pecialitou parkov\u00e9ho z\u00e1hradn\u00edctva, tak\u017ee sa \u010dasto nevid\u00ed. M\u00e1 rada tienist\u00e9 polohy a pomerne vlhk\u00fa p\u00f4du. Jeho ploch\u00e9 \u0161upiny vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa zvl\u00e1\u0161tny rozmer, preto sa zvy\u010dajne vys\u00e1dza ako solit\u00e9rna rastlina do tienist\u00fdch a vlhkej\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed z\u00e1hrady. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023.   <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf4caa3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf4caa3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tabu\u013eka 2: <\/strong> Tabu\u013eka od Heinze a Schreiber, 1984<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-149ffb5 eael-dt-th-align-center eael-table-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"149ffb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"149ffb5\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-149ffb5\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-149ffb5\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">PAS<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Minim\u00e1lne priemern\u00e9 zimn\u00e9 teploty v stup\u0148och<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Oblasti v p\u00e1sme<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\">Indika\u010dn\u00e9 druhy dosahuj\u00face v p\u00e1sme krajn\u00e9 hranice svojho kult\u00farneho rozsahu<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5a\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-28,9 a\u017e -26,1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBielorusko, pobaltsk\u00e9 krajiny.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acer campestre<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cornus mas<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t5b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-26,0 a\u017e -23,4\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tseverov\u00fdchodn\u00e9 Po\u013esko, severn\u00e1 Ukrajina, ju\u017en\u00e9 F\u00ednsko, stredn\u00e9 \u0160v\u00e9dsko, \u00fadolia v centr\u00e1lnych Alp\u00e1ch a n\u00e1horn\u00e9 plo\u0161iny: n\u00e1horn\u00e1 plo\u0161ina Bloch.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acer campestre<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cornus mas<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taxus sp.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6a\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-23,3 a\u017e -20,6\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV\u00fdchodn\u00e9 Po\u013esko, juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e9 \u0160v\u00e9dsko.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buxus sempervirens<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hedera helix<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quercus petraea<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-20,5 a\u017e -17,8\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStredn\u00e9 Po\u013esko, v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 Ma\u010farsko, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, ju\u017en\u00e9 \u0160v\u00e9dsko.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buxus sempervirens<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hedera helix,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quercus petraea<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t7a\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-17,7 a\u017e -15,0\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tv\u00fdchodn\u00e9 Nemecko, z\u00e1padn\u00e9 Po\u013esko\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cedrus atlantica<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ilex aquifolium<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prunus laurocerasus<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t7b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-14,9 a\u017e -12,3\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tStredn\u00e9 Nemecko, ju\u017en\u00e9 pobre\u017eie \u0160v\u00e9dska, v\u00fdchodn\u00e9. Holandsko, v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 D\u00e1nsko \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cedrus atlantica<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ilex aquifolium<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prunus laurocerasus<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8a\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-12,2 a\u017e -9,5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstredn\u00e9 Holandsko a Belgicko, severn\u00e9 a stredn\u00e9 Franc\u00fazsko, severn\u00e9 Anglicko.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Araucaria araucana<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cupressus sempervirens<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magnolia grandiflora<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinus pinaster<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quercus ilex<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t8b\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-9,4 a\u017e -6,7\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHolandsk\u00e9 pobre\u017eie, z\u00e1padn\u00e9 Franc\u00fazsko, stredn\u00e9 Anglicko, severn\u00e9 Taliansko..\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Araucaria araucana<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cupressus sempervirens<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magnolia grandiflora<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinus pinaster<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quercus ilex<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t-6,6 a\u017e -1,2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tju\u017en\u00e9 Franc\u00fazsko, stredn\u00e9 Taliansko, stredn\u00e9 \u0160panielsko.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chamaerops humilis<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laurus nobilis<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olea europaea<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinus pinea<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Viburnum tinus<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5e7464 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5e7464\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00da\u010delom poznania z\u00f3n zimnej odolnosti je zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 nespr\u00e1vneho v\u00fdberu rastl\u00edn vo v\u00fdsadb\u00e1ch. Je to d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre rastliny z teplej\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 postrehy o drevin\u00e1ch:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mlad\u00e9 rastliny s\u00fa citlivej\u0161ie na chlad ako star\u0161ie.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zrelos\u0165 dreva a v\u00fdvoj v\u017edyzelen\u00fdch listov m\u00e1 siln\u00fd vplyv na zimn\u00fa odolnos\u0165. Skor\u00e9 jesenn\u00e9 mrazy a jarn\u00e9 mrazy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ve\u013emi \u0161kodliv\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre druhy s dlh\u00fdm vegeta\u010dn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm alebo skor\u00fdm odlisten\u00edm. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chlad je silne ovplyvnen\u00fd mestsk\u00fdm prostred\u00edm a zimnou teplotnou inverziou, najm\u00e4 na svahoch (teplota st\u00fapa s nadmorskou v\u00fd\u0161kou).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nep\u00f4vodn\u00e9 kry a bylinn\u00e9 trvalky udr\u017e\u00edme pri \u017eivote starostliv\u00fdm v\u00fdberom mikrokl\u00edmy a pr\u00edpravou stanovi\u0161\u0165a, ktor\u00e9 na p\u00e1r metrov zamrzne.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">V zime niektor\u00e9 ihli\u010dnany menia farbu ihli\u010dia alebo \u0161up\u00edn. T\u00e1to zmena je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 n\u00edzkymi teplotami, ale zmena farby je vlastne obranou proti po\u0161kodeniu tkaniva chladom. Chlad je pre rastliny stresuj\u00faci a sp\u00f4sobuje produkciu rastlinn\u00e9ho farebn\u00e9ho pigmentu antokyan\u00ednu. Z ihli\u010dnanov najviac menia farbu stromovit\u00e9 ( <i>Thuja occidentalis<\/i> ), Japonsk\u00e1 kryptom\u00e9ria ( <i>Cryptomeria japonica<\/i> ) a cypru\u0161tek sib\u00edrsky ( <i>Microbiota decussata<\/i> ). Listy bre\u010dtanu a <i>mahonie<\/i> sa v zime tie\u017e sfarbuj\u00fa do\u010dervena. Ide o ak\u00fasi reakciu na n\u00edzke teploty a nedostatok vody v p\u00f4de.      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c16cf elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"60c16cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"667\" height=\"887\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/19Taxodium_distichum.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2690\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/19Taxodium_distichum.jpg 667w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/19Taxodium_distichum-226x300.jpg 226w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 19:<\/b> Taxodium distichum - cypru\u0161tek lys\u00fd je exotick\u00e1 listnat\u00e1 drevina, ktor\u00e1 je v parkoch a najm\u00e4 pri vodn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch zvl\u00e1\u0161tnos\u0165ou v\u010faka sp\u00f4sobu rastu, tvaru listov (ihli\u010dia) a vzdu\u0161n\u00fdm kore\u0148om. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-585d399 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"585d399\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Ako m\u00f4\u017eeme mrazom predch\u00e1dza\u0165 alebo ich zni\u017eova\u0165?<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Vys\u00e1dzajte na optim\u00e1lnych miestach (napr. nesa\u010fte na miesta, kde je pr\u00edtomn\u00fd studen\u00fd vzduch, ako napr\u00edklad na \u00fap\u00e4t\u00ed kopcov, v h\u013abkach alebo tam, kde je rann\u00e9 slnko).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Koncom leta alebo jesene nehnojte dus\u00edkat\u00fdmi hnojivami. Tak\u00e9to hnojenie podporuje rast nov\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov, ktor\u00e9 do prv\u00fdch mrazov dostato\u010dne neotuhn\u00fa.  <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Pri predpovedan\u00fdch n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch chr\u00e1\u0148te citlivej\u0161ie rastliny pred mrazom.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Pri v\u00fdbere rastl\u00edn berieme do \u00favahy zimn\u00fa odolnos\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-448345f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"448345f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Fyziologick\u00e9 sucho v\u017edyzelen\u00fdch rastl\u00edn<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Fyziologick\u00e9 sucho je jav, ktor\u00fd sa \u010dasto vyskytuje ku koncu zimy, ke\u010f slnko zosilnie. Podmienky pre vznik fyziologick\u00e9ho sucha s\u00fa n\u00edzke teploty, zamrznut\u00e1 p\u00f4da a n\u00edzka vlhkos\u0165 vzduchu. Po\u010das slne\u010dn\u00fdch dn\u00ed sa vyparovanie e\u0161te zvy\u0161uje slne\u010dn\u00fdm ohrevom listov. Sucho sa prejavuje najm\u00e4 vo vertik\u00e1lnej zeleni, zelen\u00fdch strech\u00e1ch, kontajneroch a koryt\u00e1ch, kde je rastov\u00e1 vrstva tenk\u00e1.   <\/p>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 stromy z vlhk\u00e9ho podnebia, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie v\u017edyzelen\u00e9 listy, nedok\u00e1\u017eu nahradi\u0165 vlhkos\u0165 straten\u00fa zo zamrznutej p\u00f4dy, a tak ich sucho viac \u010di menej po\u0161kodzuje.<\/p>\n<p>Rastliny s ihli\u010dnat\u00fdmi listami ako <i>Pinus mugo, Pinus cembra, Picea abies, Picea pungens<\/i> s\u00fa lep\u0161ie prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9, preto\u017ee poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z oblast\u00ed, kde je <strong>be\u017en\u00e9 sucho<\/strong> . <\/p>\n<p><b>Reakcia rastl\u00edn na fyziologick\u00e9 sucho <\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0160kodou s\u00fa hned\u00e9 listy. Po\u0161koden\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj ro\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edrastok dreva, ktor\u00fd z\u00e1vis\u00ed od teploty. \u010casti rastl\u00edn v skuto\u010dnosti vysychaj\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku fyziologick\u00e9ho sucha. Ochrana rastl\u00edn pred fyziologick\u00fdm suchom vyzer\u00e1 ako v\u00fdber chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch miest pred slnkom a vetrom. Dobre funguje ochrana najcitlivej\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn tienidlami, postreky antitranspirantmi a udr\u017eiavanie vlhk\u00e9ho miesta aj v zime.    <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4169f0 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a4169f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20Prunis_laurocerasus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2694\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20Prunis_laurocerasus.jpg 958w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20Prunis_laurocerasus-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/20Prunis_laurocerasus-768x510.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 20:<\/b> Prunus laurocerasus - vavr\u00edn v na\u0161ich z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch ve\u013emi roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd a v zimn\u00fdch mesiacoch mimoriadne n\u00e1chyln\u00fd na sucho. Je ve\u013emi n\u00e1chyln\u00fd na po\u0161kodenie zimn\u00fdm slnkom (sp\u00e1lenie) kv\u00f4li ve\u013ekej transpira\u010dnej ploche, ktor\u00e1 spotrebuje ve\u013ea vody. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023.  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb40a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fb40a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>\u00darove\u0148 citlivosti rastl\u00edn na fyziologick\u00e9 sucho<\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ve\u013emi citliv\u00fd;<\/strong> pre\u017e\u00edva len na miestach s miernymi a vlhk\u00fdmi zimami. Viburnum davidii, Ficus carica, Photinia, Perovskia at\u010f., pre\u017eij\u00fa vo vn\u00fatrozem\u00ed len s primeranou zimnou ochranou v chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Tie citliv\u00e9<\/strong> potrebuj\u00fa ve\u013ea vlhkosti. Dobre zn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa chladnej\u0161ie teploty pod snehom. V d\u00f4sledku neskor\u00fdch mrazov \u010dasto zam\u0155zaj\u00fa a v such\u00fdch zim\u00e1ch, ke\u010f je zem zamrznut\u00e1, trpia suchom. Ide o druhy, ktor\u00e9 rast\u00fa v tieni, pri vode a vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach, kde je inverzia menej chladn\u00e1 a such\u00e1: Daphne sp., Hedera helix, Ilex aquifolium, Pieris japonica, Lavandula sp. Vys\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa do chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch pol\u00f4h , kde nef\u00faka vietor. Najcitlivej\u0161\u00edm rodom je Ruscus hypoglossum , ktor\u00fd potrebuje svetl\u00fd tie\u0148 po cel\u00fd de\u0148. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto rastl\u00edn sa nach\u00e1dza na miestach s kontinent\u00e1lnym podneb\u00edm. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Nie ve\u013emi citliv\u00e9<\/strong> roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 rastliny v strednej Eur\u00f3pe, nep\u00f4vodn\u00e9 rastliny naturalizovan\u00e9 alebo v \u0161t\u00e1diu kult\u00farnej aklimatiz\u00e1cie: Cytisus scoparius, Mahonia aquifolium, odoln\u00e9 odrody Prunus laurocerasus, Viburnum sp. a mnoh\u00e9 ihli\u010dnany: Chamaecyparis sp., Juniperus sp., Thuja sp .<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rastliny trpia fyziologick\u00fdm suchom alebo chladom iba v extr\u00e9mnych rokoch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Tieto s\u00fa <strong>necitliv\u00e9<\/strong> druhy stromov, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu tolerova\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 teplotn\u00e9 rozdiely vr\u00e1tane n\u00edzkych zimn\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t a such\u00e9ho vzduchu. Snehov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka je slabo tolerovan\u00e1, s v\u00fdnimkou Pinus mugo. Tieto rastliny dobre rast\u00fa v ru\u0161nom mestskom prostred\u00ed. Zo v\u017edyzelen\u00fdch s\u00fa to v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ihli\u010dnany s ihli\u010dkovit\u00fdmi listami z podobn\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch stanov\u00ed\u0161\u0165.   <\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00daplne necitliv\u00e9<\/strong> rastliny rast\u00fa na miestach vystaven\u00fdch slnku a vetru, napr. Juniperus communis, Juniperus sabina a ve\u013ea \u010fal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf46e8c elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cf46e8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"482\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/21Taxus_Fastigiata.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2698\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/21Taxus_Fastigiata.jpg 482w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/21Taxus_Fastigiata-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 21:<\/b> Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata'. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2023 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-387ea8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"387ea8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Z\u00e1ver<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-981b5ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"981b5ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sme sa dozvedeli o term\u00edne nep\u00f4vodn\u00e9 stromy a o tom, ako sa aklimatizuj\u00fa vo vesm\u00edre. Dozvedeli sme sa o pr\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch zimn\u00e9ho poklesu rastl\u00edn. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d89ac57 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d89ac57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.33\" d=\"M473,67.3c-203.9,88.3-263.1-34-320.3,0C66,119.1,0,59.7,0,59.7V0h1000v59.7 c0,0-62.1,26.1-94.9,29.3c-32.8,3.3-62.8-12.3-75.8-22.1C806,49.6,745.3,8.7,694.9,4.7S492.4,59,473,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" opacity=\"0.66\" d=\"M734,67.3c-45.5,0-77.2-23.2-129.1-39.1c-28.6-8.7-150.3-10.1-254,39.1 s-91.7-34.4-149.2,0C115.7,118.3,0,39.8,0,39.8V0h1000v36.5c0,0-28.2-18.5-92.1-18.5C810.2,18.1,775.7,67.3,734,67.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c35542 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8c35542\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2d4213 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a2d4213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Starostlivos\u0165 o okrasn\u00e9 dreviny<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1da7d0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1da7d0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00davod<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9809492 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9809492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>V tejto kapitole sa dozvieme o v\u00fdzname \u00fadr\u017eby a rezu drev\u00edn. Prejdeme sa r\u00f4znymi skupinami rastl\u00edn a identifikujeme z\u00e1sahy potrebn\u00e9 na udr\u017eanie stromov dobre pestovan\u00fdch a zdrav\u00fdch v ich dospelosti.  <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f2a93d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f2a93d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prerez\u00e1vanie ihli\u010dnanov<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4271d93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4271d93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ihli\u010dnany sa nere\u017e\u00fa tak d\u00f4kladne ako listn\u00e1\u010de, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa ove\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161iu regenera\u010dn\u00fa schopnos\u0165, s v\u00fdnimkou niektor\u00fdch druhov ako tis oby\u010dajn\u00fd <i>(Taxus) a tuja.<\/i> Zvy\u010dajne sa neodstr\u00e1ni viac ako jedna tretina cel\u00e9ho vrchl\u00edka. V\u017edy ponechajte t\u00fa \u010das\u0165 kon\u00e1ra, ktor\u00e1 je \u017eiv\u00e1 a m\u00e1 ihli\u010die, preto\u017ee tu sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa n\u00e1hradn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky. <\/p>\n<p>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa ihli\u010dnany (okrem tisu) nestrihaj\u00fa, preto\u017ee tam zostane pr\u00e1zdne miesto. Odstr\u00e1nenie zelen\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed spoma\u013euje rast a oslabuje rastlinu. Dlh\u0161ie a v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie kon\u00e1re odre\u017ete tesne nad miestom, kde sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s krat\u0161\u00edm kon\u00e1rom. Horn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sa be\u017ene nestrih\u00e1. Strihajte ich k\u00fasok po k\u00fasku, nepretr\u017eite, ka\u017ed\u00fd rok.     <\/p>\n<p>Borovica je rezan\u00e1 technikou \u0161t\u00edpania. Na jar, ke\u010f v\u00fdhonok za\u010d\u00edna r\u00e1s\u0165, s\u00fa ihli\u010die e\u0161te nevyvinut\u00e9. 2\/3 v\u00fdhonku sa daj\u00fa od\u0161tipn\u00fa\u0165 prstami, aby r\u00e1stol. Za\u0161tipovan\u00edm sa podporuje rast postrann\u00fdch p\u00fa\u010dikov (v\u00fdhonov), \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje vetvenie.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-277fa5d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"277fa5d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7dbced elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a7dbced\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"865\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/22Taxus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2702\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/22Taxus.jpg 649w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/22Taxus-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-138f952 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"138f952\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"647\" height=\"863\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/23Taxus2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2706\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/23Taxus2.jpg 647w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/23Taxus2-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 647px) 100vw, 647px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cfc8fb elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cfc8fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Obr\u00e1zky 22 a 23:<\/strong> \u017div\u00fd plot z tisu ( Taxus ) , pova\u017eovan\u00fd za najlep\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edklad prerez\u00e1vania star\u00e9ho dreva. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2021 <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a966a78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a966a78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Prerez\u00e1vanie kr\u00edkov<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Na spr\u00e1vne prerez\u00e1vanie kr\u00edkov potrebujeme ma\u0165 d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 znalosti o ich okrasn\u00fdch vlastnostiach, ako je forma rastu, doba kvitnutia a sp\u00f4sob kvitnutia. S\u00fa to rastliny s relat\u00edvne kr\u00e1tkou \u017eivotnos\u0165ou, e\u0161te krat\u0161ou, ke\u010f je ich okrasn\u00e1 funkcia na vrchole. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa preto neodpor\u00fa\u010da trva\u0165 na strihan\u00ed star\u00fdch a slab\u00fdch rastl\u00edn.   <\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00edky, ktor\u00e9 pestujeme na okrasn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky, orez\u00e1vame ve\u013emi tvrdo. V\u0161etky formy kr\u00edkov v\u0161ak treba pravidelne orez\u00e1va\u0165 od odumret\u00fdch a chor\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov, aby sa vytvoril priestor pre nov\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky. Prerez\u00e1vanie vo v\u0161eobecnosti podporuje rast. Ak napr\u00edklad zre\u017eete ro\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdhonok, na orezanom mieste vyra\u0161\u00ed nieko\u013eko nov\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov. To je ide\u00e1lne, ak obnovujete star\u0161\u00ed kr\u00edk alebo spravujete mlad\u00fd kr\u00edk. Ak v\u0161ak zrel\u00fd kvitn\u00faci ker pr\u00edli\u0161 ostrih\u00e1te, za\u010dne r\u00e1s\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a v d\u00f4sledku toho bude kvitnutie menej.     <\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 kr\u00edky nepotrebuj\u00fa takmer \u017eiadny rez, preto\u017ee pekn\u00fd tvar z\u00edskaj\u00fa a\u017e rokmi. Napr. <i>Kalina, Rhododendron, Hamamelis, Magnolia.<\/i> Pri tak\u00fdchto kr\u00edkoch odstra\u0148ujeme hlavne len po\u0161koden\u00e9, chor\u00e9, vyblednut\u00e9 a such\u00e9 kon\u00e1re. Chor\u00e9 kon\u00e1re sa tie\u017e odre\u017e\u00fa na \u010das\u0165 zdrav\u00e9ho dreva, aby sa podporil rast nov\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov.  <\/p>\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti od \u010dasu prerez\u00e1vania s\u00fa kr\u00edky rozdelen\u00e9 do dvoch skup\u00edn:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kr\u00edky kvitn\u00face pred polovicou j\u00fana, \u010di\u017ee na jar, kvitn\u00fa na minuloro\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkoch.<\/strong> Orez\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa ihne\u010f po odkvitnut\u00ed. Medzi tak\u00e9to kr\u00edky patr\u00ed zlatica, pu\u0161kvorec japonsk\u00fd, kerria japonsk\u00e1, Weigela at\u010f. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Kr\u00edky v druhej skupine, ako mi\u0161pule kvitn\u00face <\/strong> v lete a <strong>na<\/strong> jese\u0148, \u010dere\u0161\u0148a p\u00e4\u0165list\u00e1, \u010dere\u0161\u0148a opadav\u00e1 a in\u00e9, kvitn\u00fa nesk\u00f4r, od polovice j\u00fana, a kvitn\u00fa na tohtoro\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkoch. Zrez\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa koncom zimy alebo skoro na jar. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04361bd elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"04361bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"407\" height=\"724\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/24Cornus.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2710\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/24Cornus.jpg 407w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/24Cornus-169x300.jpg 169w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 24:<\/b> Nevhodn\u00fd rez a na\u010dasovanie rezu m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledok nekvitnutie. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2021 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6522ed0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6522ed0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00dadr\u017eba \u0161peci\u00e1lnych kr\u00edkov - prerez\u00e1vanie horolezcov<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58b7c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58b7c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pop\u00ednavky s\u00fa kr\u00edky, ktor\u00fdch kon\u00e1re a vetvi\u010dky nie s\u00fa samonosn\u00e9, \u0161plhaj\u00fa po opore opret\u00edm, prichyten\u00edm sa alebo omotan\u00edm sa okolo opory. Pod\u013ea sp\u00f4sobu lezenia rozli\u0161ujeme prelieza\u010dky, chrapk\u00e1\u010de a oba\u013eova\u010dky. Ve\u013ekos\u0165ou m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 v\u00fd\u0161ku cez 10 m, stredn\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku od 4 &#8211; 10 m alebo n\u00edzku v\u00fd\u0161ku menej ako 4 m.  <\/p>\n<p>Po v\u00fdsadbe, sk\u00f4r ako pop\u00ednavka za\u010dne pu\u010da\u0165, vyberte 3-4 v\u00fdhonky, aby vytvorili pestovate\u013esk\u00fd r\u00e1m. Zvy\u0161n\u00e9 \u010dasti s\u00fa v\u00fdrazne odrezan\u00e9. Vybran\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky s\u00fa pripevnen\u00e9 k opore tak, aby bol u\u017e nazna\u010den\u00fd smer ich v\u00fdvoja. V nasleduj\u00facich rokoch budeme pokra\u010dova\u0165 v podpore rastu vybran\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov, zatia\u013e \u010do ostatn\u00e9 r\u00e1zne zre\u017eeme. Po usaden\u00ed sa pop\u00ednavky vo v\u0161eobecnosti nepotrebuj\u00fa \u017eiadny \u0161peci\u00e1lny rez, s v\u00fdnimkou obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 siln\u00fdch druhov, kde je potrebn\u00e9 zabrzdi\u0165 rast (rez dvakr\u00e1t do roka) a ob\u010das ich zreza\u0165, aby sa uvo\u013enil priestor. Ak sa napr\u00edklad <i>Wisteria, Bignonia<\/i> ponechaj\u00fa samy sebe, stratia svoju okrasn\u00fa pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivos\u0165 a premenia sa na sple\u0165 listov a kon\u00e1rov, \u010d\u00edm z\u00edskaj\u00fa zanedban\u00fd vzh\u013ead. Rastlin\u00e1m preto doprajeme priestor a n\u00e1sledne ich ka\u017ed\u00fd rok po odkvitnut\u00ed odburi\u0148ujeme, pri\u010dom star\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky vystrihneme.      <\/p>\n<p>In\u00e9 pop\u00ednav\u00e9 rastliny sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa stredne a nepotrebuj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne prerez\u00e1vanie, ale ako niektor\u00e9 in\u00e9 pestovate\u013esk\u00e9 potreby, ako je p\u00f4dna pokr\u00fdvka. Zemn\u00fd kryt chr\u00e1ni rastliny pred zimn\u00fdm chladom a v lete udr\u017euje vlhkos\u0165 p\u00f4dy. Rob\u00ed sa to pomocou extr\u00e9mne mal\u00fdch a menej siln\u00fdch kr\u00edkov vysaden\u00fdch v bl\u00edzkosti pop\u00ednav\u00fdch rastl\u00edn alebo p\u00f4dneho krytu z listov alebo k\u00f4ry.  <\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy potrebn\u00e9 na spr\u00e1vnu \u00fadr\u017ebu horolezcov:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wisteria sinensis:<\/strong> ak chcete obmedzi\u0165 v\u00fdvoj na konkr\u00e9tnu oblas\u0165, zakro\u010dte po odkvitnut\u00ed, teda v lete na tohtoro\u010dn\u00fdch kon\u00e1roch, tak, \u017ee ich skr\u00e1tite na 20-30 cm, v zime potom op\u00e4\u0165 skr\u00e1\u0165te na 3-4 p\u00fa\u010diky od r. z ktor\u00fdch sa vyvin\u00fa nov\u00e9 kvety.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lonicera caprifolium:<\/strong> produkuje ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vo\u0148av\u00fdch kvetov od apr\u00edla do konca leta. Starnut\u00edm zimolez r\u00e1d vytv\u00e1ra na vrchole hust\u00fa sple\u0165 kon\u00e1rov, no pri zemi je hol\u00fd a tvor\u00ed siln\u00e9 ru\u017eice. Aby rastlina neprer\u00e1stla od zeme a\u017e po vrchol, pr\u00edrastok sa ka\u017ed\u00fd rok zrez\u00e1va, preriedi o 50 % a nov\u00fd pr\u00edrastok sa zre\u017ee. V\u00fdhonky zre\u017ete 15-30 cm nad zemou. Po\u0161koden\u00e9 kon\u00e1re a v\u00fdhonky s\u00fa orezan\u00e9.    <\/p>\n<p><strong>Clematis sp: <\/strong> Clematis sa delia na dve skupiny: botanick\u00e9 alebo drobnokvet\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 kvitn\u00fa na jar alebo za\u010diatkom leta ( C. alpina, C. montana ), a hybridy s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi kvetmi, ktor\u00e9 kvitn\u00fa od j\u00fana do konca septembra. Prv\u00e9 s\u00fa odv\u00e1\u017ene a rustik\u00e1lne a nepotrebuj\u00fa prerez\u00e1vanie, pokia\u013e ich netreba dr\u017ea\u0165 vzadu kv\u00f4li priestorov\u00fdm obmedzeniam. Pri jarnom kvitnut\u00ed plamienok zrez\u00e1vajte po odkvitnut\u00ed. Ak sa maj\u00fa zachova\u0165, najstar\u0161ie, such\u00e9 a slab\u00e9 kon\u00e1re sa odstr\u00e1nia na z\u00e1kladni, aby sa podporila tvorba nov\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov. Tento postup opakujte ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva alebo tri roky. Kvetn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky na \u010fal\u0161ie vegeta\u010dn\u00e9 obdobie sa tvoria na zrel\u00fdch stonk\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd po\u0161koden\u00fd v\u00fdhonok sa skracuje na zdrav\u00fd p\u00e1r p\u00fa\u010dikov alebo na hlavn\u00fa stonku.     <\/p>\n<p><strong>Campsis radicans: <\/strong> R\u00fdchlorast\u00faci pop\u00ednav\u00fd s bujn\u00fdm rastom. Lezie s kore\u0148mi vyrastaj\u00facimi z kme\u0148a. Spo\u010diatku potrebuje n\u00edzky rez na v\u00fdber a nasmerovanie hlavn\u00fdch vetiev. Ke\u010f v\u0161ak rastlina dosiahne po\u017eadovan\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165, zre\u017ete ju na jar, ke\u010f sa odrad\u00ed nadmern\u00fd v\u00fdvin, pri\u010dom na bo\u010dn\u00fdch vetv\u00e1ch ponechajte 5-6 p\u00fa\u010dikov, aby sa vyvinuli v\u00fdhonky, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa nies\u0165 kvety (ro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky). Star\u00e9 exempl\u00e1re sa sna\u017e\u00edme zmladi\u0165 tak, \u017ee rastlinu v zime \u010disto zostrih\u00e1me a\u017e po zem, v nasleduj\u00facej sez\u00f3ne odstr\u00e1nime najslab\u0161ie v\u00fdhonky a ponech\u00e1me len dva-tri siln\u00e9 kon\u00e1re, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa priviazan\u00e9 k opore.    <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c122910 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c122910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Starostlivos\u0165 o rododendron<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba55d49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba55d49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Odstra\u0148ovanie odkvitnut\u00fdch s\u00fakvet\u00ed (\u0161tyri t\u00fd\u017edne po odkvitnut\u00ed) \u2013 pri pr\u00e1ci bu\u010fte opatrn\u00ed, preto\u017ee mlad\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky s\u00fa ve\u013emi krehk\u00e9 a r\u00fdchlo sa odlamuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Zmladzovac\u00ed rez sa vykon\u00e1va v apr\u00edli a do \u010fal\u0161ieho vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia sa ker op\u00e4\u0165 zazelen\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Polievanie &#8211; povinn\u00e9 pred za\u010diatkom zimy, v zime, ke\u010f nie je zamrznut\u00e1 p\u00f4da, a tie\u017e v marci, ke\u010f nie s\u00fa obdobia zr\u00e1\u017eok. Po\u010das vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia by sa listy nemali necha\u0165 v\u00e4dn\u00fa\u0165 a vyschn\u00fa\u0165. Voda s da\u017e\u010fovou vodou.  <\/p>\n<p>Hnojenie \u2013 \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie listy, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia potreba hnojenia. Od apr\u00edla prihnojujte hnojivom \u0161pecifick\u00fdm pre rododendrony, ktor\u00e9 sa zar\u00fdva do p\u00f4dy, pri\u010dom d\u00e1vajte pozor, aby ste nepo\u0161kodili plytk\u00e9 korene. Nedostatok dus\u00edka sp\u00f4sobuje \u017eltnutie listov, chlor\u00f3za je \u010dast\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku nedostatku \u017eeleza v p\u00f4de, ktor\u00e1 nie je dostato\u010dne kysl\u00e1 \u2013 nedostatok \u017eiv\u00edn vedie k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu napadnutiu chorobami a \u0161kodcami.  <\/p>\n<p>Starostlivos\u0165 o korene \u2013 odrezky s plytk\u00fdm kore\u0148om sa ve\u013emi zle zn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa a okop\u00e1vanie sa st\u00e1va zbyto\u010dn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5601277 elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5601277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"1008\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/25Rhododendron.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2714\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/25Rhododendron.jpg 756w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/25Rhododendron-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 25:<\/b> Rododendron v nevhodnej polohe a p\u00f4de. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2021 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d2748d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d2748d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Starostlivos\u0165 o \u017eiv\u00fd plot<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81172e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81172e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Udr\u017eiavac\u00ed strih \u2013 pravideln\u00fd strih je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou \u00falohou pre v\u0161etky tvarovan\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 ploty. \u010c\u00edm \u010dastej\u0161ie sa \u017eiv\u00fd plot strih\u00e1, t\u00fdm je jeho vzh\u013ead kraj\u0161\u00ed a jednotnej\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Strihanie divok\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho plota<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na\u010dasovanie strihu div\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch plotov: kr\u00edky kvitn\u00face na jar ako zlatica, limetka, pu\u0161kvorec japonsk\u00fd sa strihaj\u00fa po odkvitnut\u00ed. Druhy, ktor\u00e9 znes\u00fa zmladenie, m\u00f4\u017eeme v pr\u00edpade potreby v zime ostriha\u0165 odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed rastl\u00edn. Ihli\u010dnany sa re\u017e\u00fa, ke\u010f dosiahnu po\u017eadovan\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku, rastliny kvitn\u00face v lete a na jese\u0148 sa re\u017e\u00fa pred kvitnut\u00edm, na jar.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>Strihanie a strihanie vo\u013ene rast\u00facich alebo nestrihan\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch plotov sa vykon\u00e1va pod\u013ea potreby:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">tvarova\u0165 a regulova\u0165 ich rast tak, aby nepresahovali rozmery a tvary, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa e\u0161te primeran\u00e9 \u00fa\u010delu \u017eiv\u00e9ho plota a dostupn\u00e9mu priestoru;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">aby boli hust\u00e9, ale tenk\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 po\u0161koden\u00e9, odumret\u00e9, nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9 alebo zv\u00e4dnut\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky, ktor\u00e9 vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00fa rastlinu v prospech semena ;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">na jar vystrihnite v\u00fdhonky po\u0161koden\u00e9 chladom;<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u00e1r rokov ich omladzujte odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm star\u00e9ho dreva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bebac30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bebac30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Strihanie strihan\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho plota<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ve\u013ekos\u0165 a tvar, v\u00fdvoj a rast strihan\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho plota sa kontroluje pravideln\u00fdm strihan\u00edm a zmladzovan\u00edm. Tvar a ve\u013ekos\u0165 \u017eiv\u00e9ho plota sa zaklad\u00e1 u\u017e pri zakladan\u00ed saden\u00edc tvarovan\u00edm. Tvarovanie jednotliv\u00fdch rastl\u00edn prech\u00e1dza k tvarovaniu skup\u00edn rastl\u00edn, kde u\u017e nem\u00e1me do \u010dinenia s jednou rastlinou, ale so skupinou rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 tvoria \u017eiv\u00fd plot ako celok. Tvar a ve\u013ekos\u0165, ktor\u00e9 sa reguluj\u00fa tvarovac\u00edm rezom najsk\u00f4r na jednotliv\u00fdch rastlin\u00e1ch a n\u00e1sledne na \u017eivom plote ako celku, sa nakoniec udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa pravideln\u00fdm rezom.    <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ke\u010f\u017ee sa \u017eiv\u00fd plot aj napriek pravideln\u00e9mu strihaniu ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokom zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje a m\u00f4\u017ee meni\u0165 tvar, ob\u010das ho zmlad\u00edme. Je to samozrejme s prihliadnut\u00edm na to, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ihli\u010dnanov neznesie rozsiahlej\u0161ie zmladzovanie a in\u00e9 rastliny na\u0148 reaguj\u00fa odli\u0161ne.  <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a69c26a elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a69c26a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/26Ziva-meja.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2718\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/26Ziva-meja.jpg 580w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/26Ziva-meja-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 26:<\/b> Ostrihan\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd plot z buka ( Fagus ) v Arbor\u00e9te Vol\u010dji Potok. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 2021 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96b5cb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96b5cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u010cas prerez\u00e1vania strihan\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch plotov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd plot potrebuje aspo\u0148 jeden rez ro\u010dne, preto pou\u017e\u00edvame rastliny, ktor\u00e9 rez znes\u00fa. Najlep\u0161\u00ed \u010das na to je koncom j\u00fana okolo D\u0148a sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho J\u00e1na (24. j\u00fana). Listnat\u00e9 stromy dovtedy dokon\u010dia prv\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky a za\u010dne rast druh\u00e9ho v\u00fdhonku. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom tohto na\u010dasovania je ochrana vt\u00e1kov. Za\u010diatkom leta s\u00fa ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1 pripraven\u00e9 na lietanie a op\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie hniezd.    <\/p>\n<p>Pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu bujnej\u0161ie rast\u00facich druhov rastl\u00edn sa odpor\u00fa\u010da strihanie 2-kr\u00e1t ro\u010dne. Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t koncom febru\u00e1ra alebo za\u010diatkom marca, v d\u0148och bez mrazu ( <i>napr. Carpinus<\/i> ). <i>Druh\u00fdkr\u00e1t <\/i> , ke\u010f sa po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd rast trochu spomal\u00ed, teda koncom j\u00fana. Silne rast\u00face \u017eiv\u00e9 ploty, ako je hrab, sa d\u00f4razne odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa na letn\u00fd rez.   <\/p>\n<p>\u017div\u00fd plot sa strih\u00e1 naposledy, ke\u010f dorast\u00e1 a drevo e\u0161te dozrieva v auguste. Neskor\u0161\u00ed rez sa neodpor\u00fa\u010da, preto\u017ee \u010derstv\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky potrebuj\u00fa do jesene zosilni\u0165 (spomali\u0165). Pri neskorom orezan\u00ed nov\u00e9 kon\u00e1re zdrevnatej\u00fa (dozrievaj\u00fa) a\u017e v zime. Slab\u00fd porast strih\u00e1me a\u017e na jar, v\u017edyzelen\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00e9 ploty strih\u00e1me druh\u00fdkr\u00e1t v auguste po j\u00fanovom reze.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e1d9fa elementor-widget__width-initial dce_masking-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5e1d9fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/27Ziva-meja2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2722\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/27Ziva-meja2.jpg 957w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/27Ziva-meja2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/27Ziva-meja2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><b>Obr\u00e1zok 27:<\/b> Strihan\u00fd borovicov\u00fd \u017eiv\u00fd plot. Zdroj: Ribi\u010d, P., 202 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12b007d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12b007d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pravidlo dizajnu strihan\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho plota<\/p>\n<p>\u017div\u00fd plot potrebuje tvarovac\u00ed rez. \u017div\u00fd plot by mal by\u0165 na ka\u017ed\u00fd meter v\u00fd\u0161ky o 10 cm u\u017e\u0161\u00ed, aby spodn\u00e9 kon\u00e1re mali dostatok slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla. Tak\u00fdto \u017eiv\u00fd plot tie\u017e lep\u0161ie odol\u00e1va hustej snehovej pokr\u00fdvke a vetru.  <\/p>\n<p>Vrchn\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky niektor\u00fdch rastl\u00edn by sa nemali odrez\u00e1va\u0165, k\u00fdm nedosiahnu zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00fa v\u00fd\u0161ku. Dovtedy bude \u017eiv\u00fd plot na vrchole vo\u013en\u00fd a nerozvetven\u00fd, no n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm strihan\u00edm zhustne. Treba ju preto pravidelne po bokoch zastrih\u00e1va\u0165, aby sa vytvarovala a zahustila.  <\/p>\n<p>V n\u00edzkych a \u00fazkych \u017eiv\u00fdch plotoch sa tvarovac\u00ed rez \u010doskoro kon\u010d\u00ed, ako pri buxuse <i>(Buxus)<\/i>, ale trv\u00e1 dlho v pr\u00edpade \u0161irok\u00fdch a vysok\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch plotov z hrabu alebo buka.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u017eiv\u00fdch plotov, ktor\u00e9 pestujeme u n\u00e1s v strednej \/ ju\u017enej Eur\u00f3pe, je tvarovan\u00e1 do ploch\u00e9ho vrcholu. Aj ke\u010f z kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch a pestovate\u013esk\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 horn\u00e1 plocha aj klenut\u00e1.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a00540f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a00540f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Z\u00e1ver<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3df5838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3df5838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Dozvedeli sme sa o d\u00f4le\u017eitosti starostlivosti a udr\u017eiavania okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. O pestovan\u00e9 okrasn\u00e9 rastliny sa toti\u017e treba stara\u0165, aby boli vit\u00e1lne a zdrav\u00e9 aj v starobe. V\u00fdrazne tak ovplyvnia vzh\u013ead verejnej krajiny a nebud\u00fa predstavova\u0165 nebezpe\u010denstvo pre obyvate\u013eov. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je preto rastliny dobre pozna\u0165, rozli\u0161ova\u0165 a patri\u010dne sa o ne stara\u0165.    <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dac291 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2dac291\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kv\u00edz<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2beed9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2beed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Otestujte si svoje vedomosti v nasleduj\u00facom kv\u00edze a zistite, \u010di ste porozumeli obsahu tejto \u010dasti:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2bc2fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"b2bc2fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-25\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"25\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Module 2 Quiz SK\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90cef93 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90cef93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a59a5a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a59a5a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05e3adb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"05e3adb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aecb9ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aecb9ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u00fara<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c430c4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c430c4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Heinze and Schreiber. (1984): Hardiness zones of plants in Europe. <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Royal Horticultural Society. (1992). The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening. Dorling Kindersley. London.    <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Pawlak, G. (2000). Steinbachs gro\u00dfer Naturf\u00fchrer. Mosaik Verlag. M\u00fcnchen.   <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Phillips, R. &amp; Rix, M. (1994). Shrubs. Pan Books. London.   <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Pakenham, T. (2003). B\u00e4ume: Die 60 gr\u00f6\u00dften und \u00e4ltesten B\u00e4ume der Welt. Christian Verlag. M\u00fcnchen.   <\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Shigo, A. L. (1989). Tree pruning: A Worldwide Photo Guide. Shigo &amp; Trees Associates. San Francisco.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92112ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"92112ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/sk\/en_module-2_annexes\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-download\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Stiahnite si pr\u00edlohy<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home > Moduly > Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber stromov Modul 2 Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber stromov Obsah 1. Identifik\u00e1cia r\u00f4znych skup\u00edn okrasn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn \u00davod V tejto kapitole sa dozvieme o dendrol\u00f3gii ako vede a jej v\u00fdzname pre parkov\u00e9 z\u00e1hradn\u00edctvo. Ide o vedn\u00fd odbor, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 systematikou (klasifik\u00e1ciou) a spr\u00e1vnym pomenovan\u00edm stromov a in\u00fdch skup\u00edn rastl\u00edn na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4058","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Modul 2 - Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber rastl\u00edn - Learning - ARBORTECH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/learning.arbortech-erasmus.eu\/module-2-plant-identification-and-selection\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Modul 2 - Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber rastl\u00edn - Learning - ARBORTECH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Home &gt; Moduly &gt; Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber stromov Modul 2 Identifik\u00e1cia a v\u00fdber stromov Obsah 1. 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